Reviews & Analysis

The microbiome influences response to cancer therapy, including cancer immunotherapy, and also plays a role in therapeutic toxicity.

Targeting epigenetic modifications is an effective cancer therapeutic approach and can be combined with other therapeutics for maximal effect.

Childhood cancers are developmentally distinct from adult cancers and arise from cellular reprogramming as a result of epigenetic mutations or gene fusions, providing unique therapeutic opportunities.

Responders and non-responders to cancer immunotherapy can be identified through a range of genomic markers.

Non-invasive prenatal diagnostics allow for the successful identification of paternally inherited and de novo mongenic diseases using circulating cell-free DNA.

The analysis of autopsy material from individuals with multiple sclerosis with single-cell transcriptomics and ¹⁴C carbon dating calls for a reevaluation of mature oligodendrocytes in myelin repair.

Two new biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease include one in the blood that relates to neurodegeneration and another that reflects blood–brain barrier dysfunction and is identifiable in cerebrospinal fluid analysis.

Antitumor immunity can be enhanced by blocking NKG2A, an inhibitory receptor expressed on natural killer and T cells.

The emerging field of precision epidemiology allows the personalized diagnosis, tracking and treatment of infectious diseases.

Counteracting splice defects in the CEP290 gene using RNA antisense oligonucleotides or Cas9-mediated gene editing is a therapeutic strategy for Leber congenital amaurosis type 10—a severe untreatable retinal dystrophy leading to childhood blindness.

Vaccination with the tuberculosis (TB) vaccine Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) into the lungs of Rhesus macaques induces specific, local immune responses that delay infection in some animals and completely prevent it in others while protecting against TB disease.

The universal flu vaccine remains elusive, but there are several strategies that scientists can take to develop one, including closer monitoring of viral evolution.

Deep-learning algorithms can be applied to large datasets of electrocardiograms, are capable of identifying abnormal heart rhythms and mechanical dysfunction, and could aid healthcare decisions.

An exercise-linked hormone, FNDC5/irisin, mediates the benefit of exercise in Alzheimer’s disease models by enhancing synaptic plasticity and memory.

A primer for deep-learning techniques for healthcare, centering on deep learning in computer vision, natural language processing, reinforcement learning, and generalized methods.

The increased amount of health care data collected brings with it ethical and legal challenges for protecting the patient while optimizing health care and research.

To bring the full potential of AI to the clinic, practical and regulatory changes need to be made in health systems globally.

Artificial intelligence is beginning to be applied in the medical setting and has potential to improve workflows and errors, impacting patients and clinicians alike.