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The generation of cytotoxic T lymphocyte response may be an essential part of an effective immune response to HIV infection. It may also do more harm than good (pages 330–336).
Despite the prevalence of Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the specific causes are poorly understood. A recent study makes the strongest case to date for a genetic link.
Animal models of AIDS continue to surprise researchers with results that can be difficult to explain. However, most researchers still believe that animal models are essential to progress in understanding the disease. But which animal model is best? (pages 321–329)
Ribozymes can inhibit gene expression in a sequence-specific manner by catalysing cleavage of target messenger RNAs. They can also be used to for DIY (do-it-yourself) surgery on defective RNAs. The potential therapeutic applications of these ribozyme properties were discussed at a recent meeting.
Recent publication of the results of the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestin Interventions (PEPI) Trial has led to the Woman's Health Initiative(WHI) to rethink the protocols for its own large trial.
It is unclear whether modified immunoglobulins are at least partially responsible for rheumatoid arthritis (pages 237–243) or only an effect of the disease.
Engineering chylomicron vesicles to target drugs to the liver may provide effective new treatments for hepatitis B and other liver diseases (pages 221–225).
Transplantation of fetal mesencephalic tissue into patients suffering from Parkinson's disease has had mixed clinical results. Perhaps antioxidant therapy can increase the odds of success (pages 226–231).
Activation of the enzyme telomerase is associated with neuroblastoma and other cancers. Is it an effect or a cause of tumour formation (pages 249–255)?
Removal of a primary tumour can result in a burst of growth in previously ‘dormant’ micrometastases and is associated with onset of angiogenesis and a reduced incidence of apoptosis (see pages 149–153)
A demonstration of inhibition of β-sheets in both reactive amyloid, using an in vivo mouse model, and synthetic Alzheimer (β) amyloid, in vitro (pages 143–148).
It is reported that DNA fragmentation (indicating apoptosis) is rarely observed in HIV-1 or SIV-producing infected cells, and HIV-1 or SIV RNA is rarely (0-1%) observed in apoptotic cells. What is the role of apoptosis in the pathogenicity of HIV infection? (pages 129–134)
Examination of the effects of three new drugs shows that the destruction of the immune system in AIDS reflects fulminant HIV production, which eventually overwhelms the immune system's prodigious powers of regeneration.
By careful microscopic examination of in vitro fertilization (pages 47–52) Simerly et al. demonstrate the paternal origin of the human centrosome and reveal steps at which fertilization may fail.
