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In a clinical trial, non-nutritive sweeteners — which are supposedly inert — were shown to disrupt the gut microbiome of healthy people and impair glucose tolerance.
Although questions remain about several diet and disease associations, current evidence supports dietary guidelines to limit red meat and increase vegetable intake.
New analyses are prompting a shift in how we think about systolic blood pressure, with substantial benefits to be gained from population-wide interventions alongside targeting high-risk groups.
A phase 2 study fails to meet its primary endpoint, but the treatment — a glucagon receptor antagonist — shows clinically relevant improvements in glycemic control, warranting further investigation as a potential adjunct to insulin.
Following a single infusion of CD19-targeting CAR T cells, five patients with SLE showed reduction in disease activity and disease markers; long-term follow-up of these patients and larger trials are now key priorities.
Using comprehensive single-cell profiling, two studies reveal the molecular phenotypes of CAR T cells associated with durable response in patients with lymphoma, and highlight the role of CAR regulatory T cells in mediating resistance.
Clinical evaluation of FMT is progressing without an adequate understanding of the underlying ecological dynamics; studies are now beginning to fill these gaps, but consensus will be needed on many fronts.
Assessment of tumor mutational burden through a simple blood test could help to identify which patients are most likely to benefit from immunotherapy, but optimal cutoffs are not well established.
A gene therapy product combines astrocyte replacement with stable delivery of a neuroprotective factor; a first-in-human study demonstrated safety and will inform the design of further clinical trials for this neurodegenerative disease.
In patients with large B cell lymphomas, immune features of the tumor microenviroment predict clinical outcomes after CAR T cell therapy; as the number of patients treated with CAR T cells is set to increase, refinement of these and other biomarkers will be crucial.
Incorporating genetic factors into risk models improves the prediction of severe obesity for survivors of childhood cancer, which could promote early interventions and better long-term care.
Infrequently dosed, longer-acting antiretroviral agents are making adherence to medication easier, leading to better outcomes for those living with HIV or at risk of infection.
A study evaluating serial injections of oncolytic virus therapy shows promising outcomes in patients with glioblastoma, and opens the door to longitudinal study designs with the potential to yield rich molecular insights.
In the phase 3 SPR1NT trial, pre-symptomatic gene therapy demonstrated impressive clinical outcomes in infants with a genetic diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA); long-term safety follow-up of these patients must now be a key priority.
The concentrations of two key blood biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease are affected by some medical conditions, which could potentially lead to misdiagnosis.
New technologies allow the noninvasive detection and staging of asymptomatic alcohol-associated liver disease; further refinement of this approach could transform clinical management and improve patient outcomes.
Biopsies from synovial joints — and the abundance of B cells and macrophages therein — may instruct more effective treatment decisions for individuals with rheumatoid arthritis.
