Reviews & Analysis

A neoadjuvant approach using combined anti-CTLA4/anti-PD1 treatment prior to lymph node surgery is evaluated in two phase I trials of later stage melanoma finding this a therapeutic angle worth pursuing.

Reinforcement learning is applied to two large databases of electronic health records for patients admitted to an intensive care unit to identify individualized treatment strategies for correcting hypotension in sepsis.

Mutationally activated BRAF-V600E influences the behavior of different types of cells in the brain and leads to promotion of seizures as well as brain tumors, indicating how both can be pharmacologically targeted in the clinic.

Informing physicians who prescribe opioids about opioid-linked deaths in their practice reduces future opioid prescribing.

Acquired resistance to CD19-targeted CAR T cell therapy can occur through mutations in the CD19 gene or after insertion of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) into leukemia cells, resulting in the adjacent receptor being masked by the CAR.

Base editors function in mouse fetuses and in the livers of adult mice to treat a genetic disorder.

The taxonomic composition of the gut microbiome associates with patient ethnicity and geographic location. This association impacts the development of microbiome-based applications for personalized medicine.

Preconception cold–induced alterations of sperm DNA methylation result in offspring with altered brown adipose tissue and improved adaptation to overnutrition and hypothermia.

An in vivo cellular reprogramming strategy to generate epithelial cells from wound mesenchymal cells promotes healing and provides a new avenue for the treatment of nonhealing wounds.

Enhancer profiling of breast tumors reveals that chromatin regulatory elements contribute to the clonal fitness landscape, treatment resistance and phenotypic divergence.

Machine learning can be used for computer-aided diagnosis of acute neurological events and retinal disease and can be incorporated into conventional clinical workflows to improve health outcomes.

Impaired de novo NAD⁺ biosynthesis predisposes to acute kidney injury, and augmenting NAD⁺ metabolism with oral nicotinamide supplementation may prevent acute kidney injury.

The human heart contains two macrophage populations with distinct self-maintenance and inflammatory functions. A shift in the balance between these macrophage populations correlates with left-ventricle remodeling and systolic function in patients with heart failure.

Targeting senescent cells with repurposed FDA-approved drugs improves phenotypes of aging in mice.

The calcium channel blocker verapamil preserves beta cells in a clinical trial of individuals with adult-onset type I diabetes.

Intratumoral infusion of a nonpathogenic replication-competent recombinant polio-rhinovirus chimera (PVSRIPO) for recurrent glioblastoma demonstrates safety and promising preliminary treatment responses.

The delicate balance of microbial communities is maintained by competitive mechanisms that provide an avenue for new antimicrobial development.

Studies in KRAS-mutant lung and pancreatic adenocarcinoma and in KRAS-amplified gastric carcinoma reveal that SHP2 inhibition augments the antitumor effect of MEK inhibitor treatment.

A glucagon-like peptide receptor 1 (GLP-1R) agonist inhibits the conversion of astrocytes into a neurotoxic phenotype and protects against neurodegeneration, shedding light on the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease.

Signaling by the tumor-suppressor protein p53 antagonizes CRISPR–Cas9 gene editing of human pluripotent stem cells and immortalized human retinal pigment epithelial cells.