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Morgane Rolland and colleagues report that in HIV infection, a higher diversity of infecting founder viruses is associated with markers of poorer clinical outcome.
Although previous work indicated that the antitumor effects of anti-CD47 require macrophage phagocytosis of tumor cells, new work done in immunocompetent mice bearing syngeneic tumors reveals a key role for dendritic cell cross-priming of CD8+ T cells.
The membrane protein Nogo-B, resident in the endoplasmic reticulum, acts in endothelial cells to inhibit the rate-limiting enzyme of the de novo pathway of sphingolipid biosynthesis, thereby regulating vascular function and blood pressure.
Barney Graham and colleagues have developed a hemagglutinin stem–based nanoparticle as a vaccine that confers protection against different influenza strains in mice and ferrets.
The cytokine TNF-α, typically considered to have deleterious effects on the heart, can also have cardioprotective effects by inducing formation of a keratin cytoskeletal network in cardiomyocytes.
The intracellular domain of amyloid precursor protein (AICD), generated during the processing of APP along the amyloidogenic pathway, is shown to repress transcription of the Wasf1 gene, encoding the WAVE1 protein. The reduction in WAVE1 levels inhibits cell surface trafficking of APP, thereby creating a homeostatic negative feedback circuit to limit further production of amyloid-β.
PCSK6 is identified as the protease that cleaves and activates the zymogen form of corin, a protease that in turn activates the natriuretic peptides that control salt balance and blood pressure.
Aging is a major risk factor for cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases. A new study identified β2-microglobulin as a blood-borne factor that detrimentally influences the brain during the aging process.
A new study shows that astrocytes are involved in the development of chronic itch in a mouse model. This is dependent on upregulation of lipocalin 2 (LCN2) by the transcription factor STAT-3 and astrogliosis.
Engraftment of progenitor cells to effect repair of injured lungs has been a major challenge. A new study combines a conditioning strategy adopted from bone marrow transplantation with a lung injury model to bring this potential therapeutic approach closer to reality.
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating autoimmune disorder, the etiology of which is poorly understood. A new study reveals dysbiosis in gut and oral microbiomes of affected individuals, potentially providing a basis for patient stratification and clues to pathophysiological mechanisms of RA onset and progression.