Review Articles

The rise of cardiometabolic diseases in low- and middle-income countries is tied to a multitude of environmental, social and commercial determinants, which are discussed in this Review along with a strategy to counteract those factors.

This Review examines the promise, progress and challenges for developing personal T cell–based immunotherapies for cancer.

Clinical application of CAR T cells to cancer therapy has met with much success, but future trials must build on current understanding to overcome therapy resistance

Advances in cellular regeneration and technical approaches to spinal cord repair are on the verge of being translated into clinical trials.

Broadly neutralizing antibodies have the potential to clear HIV and prevent further infection, as shown in emerging clinical studies.

The microbiome influences response to cancer therapy, including cancer immunotherapy, and also plays a role in therapeutic toxicity.

Targeting epigenetic modifications is an effective cancer therapeutic approach and can be combined with other therapeutics for maximal effect.

Childhood cancers are developmentally distinct from adult cancers and arise from cellular reprogramming as a result of epigenetic mutations or gene fusions, providing unique therapeutic opportunities.

Responders and non-responders to cancer immunotherapy can be identified through a range of genomic markers.

The universal flu vaccine remains elusive, but there are several strategies that scientists can take to develop one, including closer monitoring of viral evolution.

The increased amount of health care data collected brings with it ethical and legal challenges for protecting the patient while optimizing health care and research.

Artificial intelligence is beginning to be applied in the medical setting and has potential to improve workflows and errors, impacting patients and clinicians alike.

Understanding of pathogenic mechanisms and clinical features of NAFLD is driving progress in therapeutic strategies now in clinical trials.

The precise link between macrophages and cardiovascular disease is emerging from mouse studies and clinical trials, providing new therapeutic avenues.

The tumor immune microenvironment influences tumor progression and response to immunotherapy; its further characterization will improve therapeutic outcome.

One strategy to counter the rise of antimicrobial resistance is the development of vaccines against resistant pathogens, preventing further infection and spread of antimicrobial resistance.

Mowat, Scott and Bain discuss the functions of barrier-tissue macrophages in homeostasis and disease, and how these are shaped by their local environment.

In this Review, Ferrando and López-Otín discuss the role of clonal evolution in leukemia and propose that better understanding of the evolutionary biography of human leukemias and related blood cell malignancies may contribute to improve their clinical management.