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Anatomical separation exists between the generation and lodging sites of plasma cells. Transcriptome analysis of tissue-resident plasma cells provides important insights into how newly generated plasma cells acquire longevity.
The use of T cell receptor signatures to track activated spike-specific T cell dynamics between recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection and subsequent mRNA vaccination shows that vaccination effectively recruits pre-existing memory and new CD8+ T cell clonotypes.
Epithelial cells, macrophages and T cells are linked in a previously unknown regulatory circuit. Sensing of interferon-γ triggers antigen presentation by colonic epithelial cells, enabling T cells to lower extracellular ATP levels and reduce inflammation.
Expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) in macrophages has led to promising results in preclinical and clinical work. Now, induced pluripotent stem cells have been combined with a second-generation CAR to achieve macrophage rewiring and to broaden the applicability of the approach to solid malignancies.
T cells exist in many functional states, and dynamic transitions from one state to another affect the outcome of adoptive T cell therapy. FOXP1 and KLF2 are now identified as transcriptional regulators of the stemness of CD8+ CAR-T cells and the bifurcation of stem-like CD8+ CAR-T cells into effector and exhausted subsets, respectively.
BCG vaccination provides protection against unrelated viral infections. The vaccine induces protective integrated organ immunity through biphasic activation of innate and adaptive immune cells.
