Reviews & Analysis

γδ T cells are critical contributors to tissue homeostasis. Recent research identifies an unexpected role for γδ T cell–derived IL-17F in promoting sympathetic innervation and tissue thermogenesis through the induction of the cytokine TGF-β in adipose cells.

Comprehensive analysis of CD8⁺ T cell populations specific to cytomegalovirus reveals that the evolution of the T cell antigen receptor repertoire during chronic infections is characterized by the expansion of low-affinity clones.

Immunological memory is a crucial feature of adaptive immunity. A new report proposes a novel ‘outside-in’ mechanism by which a recall immune response may be initiated from the tissue, rather than secondary lymphoid organs.

The ubiquitin-editing enzyme A20 has a pivotal role in restricting autoimmune and inflammatory responses. New studies suggest that A20 prevents inflammatory diseases using a non-catalytic mechanism involving ubiquitin binding.

PD-L1 expressed by T cells provides backward and forward signals to restrain both innate and adaptive immune responses in tumor tissues.

Chronic inflammation associated with HIV-1 infection disrupts the homeostasis of gut-resident innate lymphoid cells and induces the generation and expansion of adaptive NK cells expressing TCF7, a transcription factor that sustains their effector functions and memory-like properties.

Regulatory T (T_reg) cells suppress antitumor immunity, but T_reg cell inhibition has been hampered by a lack of specific targets. CD36 expression by tumor-infiltrating T_reg cells may provide a way to specifically target T_reg cells in tumors.

Highly proliferative cells have classically been thought to rely on anaerobic glycolysis for fuel. Weisel et al. show that germinal center B cells break this rule, as they primarily utilize fatty acid oxidation to meet their metabolic demands.

Oxidative stress in the tumor microenvironment activates expression of the phosphatase PAC1 in infiltrated T lymphocytes. PAC1 regulates the epigenetic modulator NuRD to limit the chromatin accessibility of T cell effector function genes, thereby fostering T cell exhaustion.

Comprehensive analysis of lung mononuclear phagocytes reveals four subsets with distinct basal transcriptomic and epigenomic landscapes and differing responses to inflammatory stimuli.

A T cell recognizing the MHC class I–related molecule MR1, expressed by a wide range of cancer cell types, might have great potential for adoptive cell therapy in cancer.

A cell-intrinsic program induces circadian disarming of the toxic machinery of neutrophils in the steady state and prevents tissue injury.

Group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) are critical for maintaining gut epithelial integrity and tissue repair. Recent research identifies mechanisms by which circadian machinery and feeding behavior regulate enteric ILC3s to maintain gut homeostasis.