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Silencing of the chromatin remodeler Mi-2β in keratinocytes triggers local skin inflammation. Regulatory T cells activated by the cytokine TSLP control the shift from local skin inflammation to systemic lethal disease.
Elevated signaling via the metabolic checkpoint kinase mTORC1 in macrophages stimulates spontaneous granuloma formation in mice and is associated with the progression of sarcoidosis in humans.
Interleukin 1β (IL-1β) is a cytokine associated with inflammation, obesity and metabolic dysregulation. Surprisingly, IL-1β is also required for maintaining steady-state glucose homeostasis by potentiating postprandial insulin secretion.
Regulatory T cells develop in the thymus as a distinct lineage of T cells instructed by the lineage-specifying transcription factor Foxp3. Epigenetic imprinting by the genome organizer Satb1 precedes this cell-fate 'decision' during thymocyte development.
The identification of VGLL3 as a transcription (co-)factor that underlies the sex bias of the human immune system further underscores the relevance of research into this area.
Increased expression of the ubiquitin ligase TRAF6 in hematopoietic stem cells promotes activity of the GTP-binding protein Cdc42 and consequent diminished function of hematopoietic stem cells by ubiquitination of the RNA-binding protein hnRNP-A1, which leads to an inability to properly process pre-mRNA encoding Cdc42-inhibitory GTPase-activating proteins.
