Thank you for visiting nature.com. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. To obtain
the best experience, we recommend you use a more up to date browser (or turn off compatibility mode in
Internet Explorer). In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles
and JavaScript.
Although interleukin 17 (IL-17) has modest activity on its own, it has a substantial impact in immunity through its synergistic action with other factors and its self-sustaining feedback loop. Veldhoen discusses the role of IL-17 during infections.
O’Shea and colleagues review recent advances in Jak–STAT biology, focusing on immune cell function, disease etiology and therapeutic intervention, as well as broader principles of gene regulation and signal-dependent transcription factors.
Microglia are by far the best-characterized macrophages in the CNS, but non-parenchymal populations, such as those found in the meninges, are being increasingly studied. Prinz et al. review the ontogeny and functions of both parenchymal macrophages and non-parenchymal macrophages the CNS.
Rosenberg and colleagues review evidence suggesting that T cells that target tumor neoantigens arising from cancer mutations are the main mediators of many effective cancer immunotherapies in humans.
Various neurotrophic pathogens are capable of infecting CNS tissues. Klein and colleagues review how immune responses and inflammation in the CNS affect brain function and mental status.
Engelhardt and colleagues review barriers separating blood from CSF and CNS parenchyma, how pathways draining solutes from CNS to lymph nodes exclude trafficking of antigen-presenting cells and how intravital microscopy has influenced debate on immune privilege of the CNS.
Enteric neurons and intestinal immune cells co-develop in response to common cues and communicate with each other to maintain organ function and host defense.
Epithelial cells of the gut are heavily glycosylated. Kiyono and colleagues review the evidence for the importance of this glycosylation to immunity, host–microbiome interactions and immunopathology.
In this Review, Chen and colleagues discuss recent advances in understanding of the cGAS–STING pathway, focusing on the regulatory mechanisms and roles of this pathway in heath and disease.
There is now a major effort to fully exploit the anti-tumor properties of NK cells in the clinic. In this Review, Smyth and colleagues detail recent advances in NK cell–based immunotherapies and discuss the advantages and limitations of these strategies.
IL-1α is a ubiquitously expressed cytokine that has diverse roles in immunity and homeostasis. Di Paolo and Shayakhmetov review IL-1α's distinctive and important role in inflammation.
Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) arise from distinct hematopoietic progenitors. Zook & Kee discuss the transcriptional programs that direct the development of natural killer cells and various ILC subsets.
In this Review, Klose and Artis focus on how group 2 ILC and group 3 ILC responses are regulated and how they interact with other immune and non-immune cells to mediate their functions.
NK cells and ILC1s are developmentally distinct but share many functional similarities. Spits and colleagues describe current knowledge on the biology of these cells and the conditions under which they can be distinguished.
Whole-body metabolism can affect immune-cell function and vice versa. Turka and colleagues review the unique metabolic properties of Treg cells and how this relates to their function and the outcome of immune responses.
Control of infection depends on the efficient coordination of responses by various cell populations of the immune system. Gause and colleagues review the interactions between cells of the innate immune system and stroma that enable effective responses to invading pathogens.
