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Analyses of in vivo models, cell lines and patient-derived samples show that apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic subunit 3B (APOBEC3B) not only restrains lung tumor initiation but also that its upregulation is associated with resistance to targeted therapies. This study highlights the complex and context-dependent role of APOBEC3B in lung cancer.
Single-cell transcriptomes and single-cell chromatin accessibility profiles generated using EasySci provide a global view of aging and Alzheimer’s pathogenesis-associated cell population dynamics in human and mouse brains.
Analysis of single-nucleus RNA sequencing and single-nucleus assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with sequencing data derived from synovium of patients with rheumatoid arthritis identifies regions with dynamic accessibility that correlate with cell states. Dynamic peaks are more strongly enriched for autoimmune disease heritability.
A downsampling approach to assess causal variant fine-mapping, replication failure rate, finds that commonly used methods may be miscalibrated. Simulations suggest this is probably due to a nonsparse genetic architecture model misspecification. Incorporating infinitesimal effects in the SuSiE and FINEMAP frameworks improves performance.
Cross-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analyses identify new risk loci for peptic ulcer diseases and provide evidence that gastrointestinal cell differentiation and hormone regulation contribute to their etiology.
Neural networks are a common machine learning architecture for predicting phenotype from genomic sequence. This analysis finds that they err in calling the variant direction of effect, with important implications for personalized predictions.
Population analysis of 516 wild and domesticated broomcorn millet genomes and a graph-based pangenome based on de novo assemblies of 32 representative accessions identify genomic variations associated with domestication traits.
Roulette enables the estimation of germline mutation rates at basepair resolution from humans. Genes encoding small nuclear RNA showed significant deviations from the mutation rate predicted by Roulette, highlighting RNA polymerase III (Pol III)-dependent transcription as a potent source of mutations in the human genome.
A test of four genomic sequence-to-expression deep learning models (Enformer, Basenji2, ExPecto, Xpresso) finds that they often fail to predict the correct direction of effect of cis-regulatory genetic variation on gene expression.
The chemotherapeutic agent CX-5461 is shown to be a potent mutagen in hTERT-RPE1, HAP1 and human induced pluripotent stem cells. The compound generates distinct mutational patterns of single- and double-base substitutions, as well as of small insertions and deletions, that were detectable following a single exposure.
scHLApers is an analysis pipeline that quantifies single-cell expression of HLA genes using a personalized genomic reference. Mapping of HLA expression quantitative trait loci at single-cell resolution identifies dynamic effects across cell states.
A multivariate framework for isoform-resolution transcriptome-wide association studies enables modeling of a greater number of genes, with the benefit of identifying isoform-specific associations with psychiatric traits not observed at the gene level.
Genome-wide analyses yield insights into the polygenic effects contributing to clinical heterogeneity in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, advancing understanding of its genetic etiology and serving as a model for future studies in other complex disorders.
Multi-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analyses identify risk loci for cannabis use disorder. Genomic structural equation modeling and genetic correlation analyses show overlap with several other traits, including impulsivity and psychopathology.
Phenotype imputation increases the effective sample size of major depressive disorder cases in UK Biobank, enhancing study power and polygenic risk score (PRS) accuracy. A new pleiotropy metric enables assessment of PRS specificity and comparison among different PRS models.
AutoComplete is a deep learning-based method that imputes missing phenotypes in population-scale biobank datasets, increasing effective sample sizes and improving power for genetic discoveries in genome-wide association studies.
Loss-of-function mutations in primate-specific ZNF808 cause pancreatic agenesis. Mechanistically, the loss of ZNF808 leads to the activation of the MER11 family of transposable elements in a regulatory capacity that ultimately induces a liver-specific program of gene expression during pancreatic differentiation.
In pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma, super-enhancer RNAs (seRNAs) have higher N6-methyladenosine (m6A) levels than in adjacent normal tissue due to upregulation of the METTL3 cofactor CFL1. Aberrant m6A seRNAs promote oncogene expression via the YTHDC2–MLL1 complex.
Circular extrachromosomal DNA in high-risk medulloblastoma contributes to tumor heterogeneity and associates with relapse and survival. Enhancer rewiring events involving known oncogenes are frequent events, affecting transcription and proliferation.