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Kodama et al. show that microglia from male and female adult mice have distinct microRNA profiles and that loss of microglial microRNAs leads to sex-specific changes in the microglial transcriptome and tau pathology.
Graves et al. demonstrate that as the neurotransmitter dopamine cycles through the cytosol at release sites, it can be metabolized by a mitochondrial enzyme to help generate the energy necessary to sustain synaptic function.
Using structural MRI data from 45,615 individuals aged 3–96 years, Kaufmann and colleagues reveal that common brain disorders are associated with heritable patterns of apparent aging of the brain.
Tost et al. show that urban green space exposure improves well-being, particularly in people dwelling in relatively deprived areas and showing less prefrontal activity during emotion processing, a neural signature that is linked to mental health risk.
A nucleotide repeat expansion in the C9orf72 gene is the most common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The mutation causes production of aberrant proteins by an enigmatic form of translation. Yamada et al. identify that RPS25 is required for this form of translation.
A new study reveals that complete loss of TREM2 function or expression of the TREM2R47H Alzheimer’s disease risk variant hinders amyloid-β plaque-associated microglia, leaving peri-plaque neurites susceptible to tau seeding and spreading.
Optogenetics has revolutionized neuroscience, but intracranial illumination can cause off-target effects. Owen et al. identify a temperature-sensitive potassium current that modulates neuronal activity and behavior independent of opsin expression.
The authors show that decreased synaptic efficacy onto raphe-projecting lateral habenula neurons supports opiate withdrawal-induced sociability deficits, and they demonstrate a role for TNF-α signaling in this process.
Norman-Haignere et al. report that humans but not macaque monkeys possess cortical regions with a strong preference for harmonic tones compared to noise. This species difference may be driven by the demands of speech and music perception in humans.
Lloyd et al. find that regeneration of CNS myelin requires death of proinflammatory microglia followed by repopulation to a pro-regenerative state, revealing new therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative disease.
Park et al. demonstrate in vivo the efficacy of Cas9 nanocomplexes as therapeutic agents in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease. This strategy may be applicable to the treatment of a broad range of neurological diseases.
Weiler et al demonstrate that the fastest spinal feedback pathway can integrate information from the elbow and wrist, and take into account the arm’s orientation to produce corrective responses that help to maintain the hand’s position in space.
Previous studies have suggested that cortical input can drive spatially tuned responses in hippocampal CA1 neurons. Here we use acute inactivation to demonstrate that CA3 is the predominant driver of CA1 responses under normal conditions.