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The expression of telomerase catalytic subunit hTERT is frequently upregulated in many cancers. Here, the authors show HoxC5 and miR-615-3p can negatively regulate hTERT to impede tumorigenesis by targeting the newly evolved cis-regulatory genomic elements of hTERT.
Rare-earth nickelates undergo a metal-to-insulator transition accompanied by the formation of ordered lattice distortions, but the role of the lattice in the metallic phase remains unclear. Here the authors provide evidence that the metal is a polaronic liquid that freezes into the insulating state.
Understanding how transplanted cells interact with the host nervous system will be important for cell based neural regeneration approaches. Here, the authors study the sensory fate of neural progenitor cell grafts transplanted to the injured spinal cord, and show that host axons retain the ability to distinguish appropriate and inappropriate graft targets.
Fermentative production of aromatic polyesters from glucose has been unsuccessful. Here, the authors achieve the objective by one-step fermentation of metabolically engineered E. coli expressing a isocaprenoyl-CoA:2-hydroxyisocaproate CoA-transferase and an evolved polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase.
Large-scale graphene production remains challenging because of the tendency of graphene to stack with itself, which requires its dispersion in large amounts of solvent. Here the authors achieve the environmentally favourable production of highly concentrated graphene in water through a non-dispersion, flocculation strategy.
Studies of honest signaling have found an inconsistent relationship between carotenoid coloration and individual quality. Here, Weaver et al. compare dietary and biochemically converted carotenoid coloration using meta-analyses and show that converted carotenoids drive relationships with quality measures.
The prenyl-binding protein PrBP/δ is a solubilization factor involved in trafficking of prenylated proteins. Here the authors present the ligand-free apo-PrBP/δ structure and propose a "solubilization by depletion" mechanism, where PrBP/δ sequesters only soluble rod photoreceptor phosphodiesterase (PDE6), leading to a dissociation of membrane-bound PDE6.
The role of type I interferons in bacterial infection is less clear than it is in viral infection. Here, the authors show that genetic variation of the human IFNAR1 gene is associated with decreased susceptibility to tuberculosis and identify a role for the IFNAR1 inter-domain region in the cytokine response.
A dysfunction of autophagy can be detected in aged tissues, but how this is regulated is unclear. Here, the authors show in vitro and in aged mice aorta, that inhibition of LC3 lipidation under conditions of oxidative stress causes oxidation of Atg3 and Atg7, preventing autophagosome maturation.
The possibility to reach Heisenberg-limited quantum measurements in the presence of noise is a long-standing problem. Here, the authors derive a necessary and sufficient condition on the noise acting on any finite-dimensional probe to establish whether the Heisenberg limit is reachable using quantum error correction.
Interneurons in the neocortex have functional and morphological subtypes. Here, Mariotti and colleagues show that activation of parvalbumin-expressing interneurons evokes depressing calcium responses in astrocytes while somatostatin-expressing interneurons evoke potentiating astrocytic responses.
The synthesis of azo- and azoxy-aromatic dyes via photoreduction of nitroaromatics is hindered by high costs and low catalytic efficiencies and selectivities. Here the authors demonstrate the facile synthesis of these important dyes from their corresponding nitroaromatic precursors by using an inexpensive graphitic C3N4 photocatalyst.
The first steps in photochemical processes involve changes in electronic and geometric structure on extremely short timescales. Here, the authors report femtosecond dynamics in prototypical acetylacetone, by pump-probe photoexcitation-photoemission experiments and static and dynamics calculations.
Cross-cultural interactions can cause cultural change, a process known as acculturation. Here, Erten et al. develop a model of cultural change under immigration, considering individuals’ orientations towards acculturation, and find that willingness to interact cross-culturally and resident cultural conservatism favour cultural coexistence.
Genomic loops and their temporal dynamics play an important role in gene expression of DNA viruses, but are incompletely understood. Here, the authors use capture Hi-C analyses and identify genomic architectural dynamics of KSHV that are regulated by the viral transactivator K-Rta.
Feeding disorders are often comorbid with compulsive behaviours but the underlying neural circuits are not known. Here the authors demonstrate that glutamatergic and GABAergic projections from the LH to the PVH exert antagonistic effects on grooming and feeding via modulation of PVH neuron activity.
Alteration of the epigenetic landscape has been implicated in several disease processes, where targeting histone modifiers may have therapeutic applications. Here the authors report a bifunctional small molecule inhibitor that simultaneously targets the deacetylase (HDAC1) and demethylase (LSD1) activities of the CoREST complex.