Review Articles

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  • Children’s education outcomes are vulnerable to the effects of climate change. This Review examines the impact of various climate stressors on children’s educations, develops a framework to understand these risks, and discusses methodological challenges and directions for future research.

    • Caitlin M. Prentice
    • Francis Vergunst
    • Helen L. Berry
    Review Article
  • River water quality affects water security and is expected to degrade under climate change—an issue that has garnered limited attention. Here the authors review the impacts of climate change and climate extremes on water quality, highlighting the pivotal role of land–river connectivity.

    • Li Li
    • Julia L. A. Knapp
    • Wei Zhi
    Review Article
  • Fire severity is expected to increase as a result of warming. This will potentially amplify climate change due to its impact on the carbon cycle. This Review discusses ecosystem carbon loss and recovery following wildfire, and highlights where further work is needed to inform model predictions.

    • Tara Hudiburg
    • Justin Mathias
    • Laurel Lynch
    Review Article
  • Establishment of the loss and damage fund is a major step in climate negotiations for Global South countries, yet resource allocation remains unsettled. This Review shows how vulnerability-based approaches are variable and complex, with the adoption of quantitative measures likely to bring division.

    • Stacy-ann Robinson
    • J. Timmons Roberts
    • Danielle Falzon
    Review Article
  • Reducing the risk of maladaptation is critical to successful climate adaptation, yet such dichotomy hampers nuanced assessments of adaptation outcomes. The authors provide a framework to assess relevant dimensions of adaptation outcomes on a continuum and apply it to various adaptation options.

    • Diana Reckien
    • Alexandre K. Magnan
    • Erin Coughlan de Perez
    Review Article
  • The extent to which sea level will rise under climate change is uncertain, with some of this uncertainty being quantifiable and some unquantifiable. This Review discusses past and present presentations of this uncertainty in IPCC and regional assessments, as well as their influence on users' interpretations.

    • Robert E. Kopp
    • Michael Oppenheimer
    • Cunde Xiao
    Review Article
  • In this Review, the authors discuss recent advances in understanding dryland productivity and functions, examining outstanding debates on dryland response to change and the uncertainties associated with predicting climate trajectories.

    • Lixin Wang
    • Wenzhe Jiao
    • Paolo D’Odorico
    Review Article
  • Human cooperation, which is essential for climate action, is shaped by the social cognition of individuals. This Review examines three mechanisms that play an important role in discouraging pro-environmental behaviours, but which can also provide effective solutions for collective action.

    • Mélusine Boon-Falleur
    • Aurore Grandin
    • Coralie Chevallier
    Review Article
  • Carbon labelling may affect changes in both organizational and retail consumer behaviour. This Review examines the effectiveness of label programmes on the behaviour of actors throughout product supply chains, discussing current challenges, future pathways and implications for label design.

    • Khan M. R. Taufique
    • Kristian S. Nielsen
    • Michael P. Vandenbergh
    Review Article
  • Children and adolescents may be the age cohort most vulnerable to climate anxiety. This Review uses a social–ecological theoretical framework to outline how they are uniquely susceptible to climate anxiety and identify potential protective factors.

    • Tara J. Crandon
    • James G. Scott
    • Hannah J. Thomas
    Review Article
  • Border carbon adjustments are appraised as a measure to address carbon leakage and competitiveness concerns. This Review Article discusses the possible impacts, as well as practical challenges for implementation.

    • Christoph Böhringer
    • Carolyn Fischer
    • Thomas Fox Rutherford
    Review Article
  • Thawing permafrost in the Arctic may release microorganisms, chemicals and nuclear waste that have been stored in frozen ground and by cold temperatures. This Review discusses the current state of potential hazards and their risks under warming to identify prospective threats to the Arctic.

    • Kimberley R. Miner
    • Juliana D’Andrilli
    • Charles E. Miller
    Review Article
  • Gender has a powerful influence on experiences of, and resilience to, climate change. In this Review, the authors provide an overview of four common gender assumptions, and offer four suggestions for a more informed pursuit of gender equality in climate change policy and practice.

    • Jacqueline D. Lau
    • Danika Kleiber
    • Philippa J. Cohen
    Review Article
  • The shift to data-driven urban climate governance alters accountability. This Review examines critically the drivers of the shift—standardization, transparency and capacity building—and how best to achieve equitable climate mitigation outcomes within this context.

    • Sara Hughes
    • Sarah Giest
    • Laura Tozer
    Review Article
  • Ongoing Arctic changes are impacting phytoplankton. This Review considers recent primary productivity trends and the environmental drivers, as well as how these are changing, that drive phytoplankton diversity in the region.

    • Mathieu Ardyna
    • Kevin Robert Arrigo
    Review Article
  • Phenological shifts due to climate change can desynchronize the timings of life history events between species, but predicting the consequences is challenging. Changes to current methodologies would allow testing of the widely used Cushing hypothesis and improve predictions of climate change impacts.

    • Heather M. Kharouba
    • Elizabeth M. Wolkovich
    Review Article