2021 Research Leaders: Leading academic institutions

The 2021 Research Leaders are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2020.

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Position Institution Share 2019 Share 2020 Count 2020 Change in Adjusted Share* 2019–2020
1 The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), Japan 431.40 461.12 1310 3.1% Increase
2 Kyoto University, Japan 252.15 267.45 696 2.3% Increase
3 Osaka University, Japan 182.59 184.21 519 -2.7% Decrease
4 Tohoku University, Japan 142.68 162.77 530 10.0% Increase
5 Nagoya University, Japan 112.84 147.31 417 25.9% Increase
6 Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech), Japan 149.51 133.02 383 -14.2% Decrease
7 Hokkaido University, Japan 109.33 112.31 289 -1.0% Decrease
8 Kyushu University, Japan 100.48 111.50 340 7.0% Increase
9 University of Tsukuba, Japan 54.92 50.62 239 -11.1% Decrease
10 Keio University, Japan 43.61 49.75 143 10.0% Increase
11 Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Japan 25.66 41.79 107 57.0% Increase
12 Kanazawa University (KU), Japan 32.75 35.63 101 4.9% Increase
13 Okayama University, Japan 41.25 35.01 120 -18.2% Decrease
14 Hiroshima University (HU), Japan 34.53 32.61 121 -8.9% Decrease
15 Kobe University, Japan 21.32 32.28 145 46.0% Increase
16 Waseda University, Japan 25.63 31.08 105 16.9% Increase
17 Osaka Metropolitan University (OMU), Japan 31.33 29.61 102 -8.9% Decrease
18 Chiba University, Japan 21.27 29.10 106 31.9% Increase
19 Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Japan 10.63 22.04 68 99.9% Increase
20 Tokyo University of Science (TUS), Japan 24.32 21.79 68 -13.6% Decrease
21 The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (Sokendai), Japan 16.73 19.43 139 12.0% Increase
22 Tokyo Metropolitan University (TMU), Japan 14.36 17.52 107 17.6% Increase
23 Kumamoto University, Japan 18.29 17.47 60 -7.9% Decrease
24 Nagoya Institute of Technology (NITech), Japan 10.24 13.85 26 30.4% Increase
25 Kwansei Gakuin University, Japan 12.80 13.74 37 3.5% Increase
26 Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology (TUAT), Japan 18.71 12.19 39 -37.2% Decrease
27 Gifu University, Japan 14.32 11.93 35 -19.7% Decrease
28 Yamagata University, Japan 9.65 11.31 40 13.0% Increase
29 Ehime University, Japan 13.78 11.27 43 -21.2% Decrease
30 Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Japan 14.45 11.09 33 -26.0% Decrease
31 Niigata University, Japan 7.36 10.82 58 41.8% Increase
32 Yokohama City University (YCU), Japan 5.86 10.52 58 73.0% Increase
33 Shinshu University (SU), Japan 17.20 10.21 91 -42.8% Decrease
34 Gakushuin University, Japan 5.46 9.11 19 61.0% Increase
35 Kyoto Institute of Technology (KIT), Japan 4.38 8.89 16 95.4% Increase
36 The Kitasato Institute, Japan 7.06 8.74 34 19.3% Increase
37 Gunma University, Japan 6.51 8.57 34 27.0% Increase
38 Tokushima University, Japan 11.59 8.47 34 -29.5% Decrease
39 Nagasaki University, Japan 4.01 8.44 30 102.9% Increase
40 Shizuoka University, Japan 10.23 8.38 24 -21.0% Decrease
41 Yokohama National University (YNU), Japan 8.33 8.07 23 -6.5% Decrease
42 The University of Electro-Communications (UEC), Japan 8.57 7.96 24 -10.5% Decrease
43 Aoyama Gakuin University, Japan 10.02 7.89 14 -24.1% Decrease
44 Nagoya City University, Japan 8.83 7.78 32 -15.0% Decrease
45 Kindai University, Japan 6.92 7.69 31 7.1% Increase
46 Saitama University, Japan 6.89 7.62 26 6.5% Increase
47 University of Shizuoka, Japan 6.21 7.54 20 17.1% Increase
48 Yamaguchi University, Japan 3.88 7.54 23 87.5% Increase
49 University of Hyogo, Japan 4.37 6.95 22 53.2% Increase
50 Nihon University, Japan 5.57 6.79 34 17.6% Increase
51 Shimane University, Japan 3.56 6.79 21 83.7% Increase
52 Chuo University, Japan 4.70 6.68 14 37.1% Increase
53 Toyota Technological Institute (TTI), Japan 3.88 6.20 13 53.9% Increase
54 Ritsumeikan University, Japan 10.10 6.07 27 -42.0% Decrease
55 Ibaraki University, Japan 3.89 5.92 22 46.8% Increase
56 Toho University, Japan 3.82 5.79 29 46.1% Increase
57 Rikkyo University, Japan 5.53 5.73 32 -0.2% Decrease
58 Juntendo University, Japan 4.40 5.72 27 25.4% Increase
59 Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences (TUPLS), Japan 9.77 5.48 14 -46.0% Decrease
60 Kanagawa University, Japan 6.34 5.40 15 -17.9% Decrease
61 Hirosaki University, Japan 4.00 5.39 23 29.9% Increase
62 Doshisha University, Japan 3.77 5.17 14 32.1% Increase
63 University of Toyama, Japan 9.36 5.13 21 -47.2% Decrease
64 Meiji University, Japan 3.47 4.72 21 31.4% Increase
65 Kochi University, Japan 4.16 4.72 25 9.3% Increase
66 Tottori University, Japan 2.39 4.37 13 76.5% Increase
67 Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Japan 0.41 4.23 6 892.8% Increase
68 Fukuoka University, Japan 2.46 4.09 12 60.4% Increase
69 Kansai University, Japan 2.24 4.00 8 71.6% Increase
70 Kyoto Sangyo University, Japan 4.27 3.89 20 -12.3% Decrease
71 Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Japan 1.38 3.84 11 169.1% Increase
72 Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Japan 4.16 3.67 11 -14.9% Decrease
73 University of the Ryukyus, Japan 3.05 3.60 15 13.8% Increase
74 Nara Women's University (NWU), Japan 3.81 3.54 39 -10.6% Decrease
75 Kyushu Institute of Technology (Kyutech), Japan 4.98 3.41 13 -33.9% Decrease
76 Mie University, Japan 4.35 3.24 13 -28.2% Decrease
77 Tokyo Gakugei University (TGU), Japan 1.22 3.21 6 154.8% Increase
78 Konan University, Japan 2.06 3.08 5 44.3% Increase
79 Tokai University, Japan 2.82 2.85 20 -2.7% Decrease
80 Tokyo Medical University, Japan 1.13 2.85 14 142.7% Increase
81 The Jikei University School of Medicine, Japan 2.01 2.84 12 36.3% Increase
82 Saga University, Japan 2.43 2.83 12 12.4% Increase
83 Chubu University, Japan 5.07 2.71 15 -48.4% Decrease
84 Nagaoka University of Technology (NUT), Japan 0.86 2.67 8 200.5% Increase
85 Akita University, Japan 2.06 2.58 10 20.7% Increase
86 University of Yamanashi, Japan 5.84 2.53 13 -58.2% Decrease
87 National Defense Academy of Japan (NDA), Japan 1.02 2.47 10 132.3% Increase
88 Saitama Medical University (SMU), Japan 2.51 2.40 10 -7.7% Decrease
89 Jichi Medical University, Japan 0.92 2.40 11 150.4% Increase
90 Musashino University, Japan 0.77 2.33 4 191.1% Increase
91 Fujita Health University, Japan 2.28 2.29 18 -3.3% Decrease
92 Ryukoku University, Japan 2.12 2.28 5 3.9% Increase
92 Fukushima University, Japan 0.85 2.28 7 158.6% Increase
93 Sophia University, Japan 3.43 2.26 13 -36.5% Decrease
94 Fukushima Medical University (FMU), Japan 2.20 2.15 10 -6.1% Decrease
95 Kochi University of Technology, Japan 2.57 2.12 9 -20.5% Decrease
96 Toyohashi University of Technology, Japan 3.50 2.08 6 -42.6% Decrease
97 Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Japan 1.75 2.00 2 10.0% Increase
97 Meiji Gakuin University, Japan 0.50 2.00 4 285.7% Increase
98 Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University (TMPU), Japan 1.15 1.94 9 62.5% Increase
99 University of Miyazaki, Japan 1.51 1.92 17 22.6% Increase
100 Chiba Institute of Technology, Japan 1.38 1.89 17 31.6% Increase
101 Meijo University, Japan 6.75 1.87 10 -73.2% Decrease
102 Okayama University of Science, Japan 0.36 1.87 11 404.1% Increase
103 Toin University of Yokohama, Japan 2.60 1.80 3 -33.3% Decrease
104 Osaka Institute of Technology (OIT), Japan 1.36 1.79 5 27.0% Increase
105 The University of Shiga Prefecture, Japan 1.02 1.77 6 68.0% Increase
106 Oita University, Japan 0.78 1.74 11 114.4% Increase
107 Nara Medical University, Japan 0.29 1.72 7 473.2% Increase
108 University of Kitakyushu, Japan 1.63 1.71 5 1.5% Increase
109 Kansai Medical University (KMU), Japan 1.05 1.67 8 53.0% Increase
110 Shiga University of Medical Science (SUMS), Japan 2.35 1.57 10 -35.5% Decrease
111 Sojo University, Japan 0.00 1.55 3 0.0% Increase
112 Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology (TUMSAT), Japan 1.88 1.53 8 -21.9% Decrease
113 Teikyo University, Japan 1.54 1.47 12 -8.1% Decrease
114 Wakayama Medical University, Japan 0.38 1.45 6 265.5% Increase
115 Kurume University, Japan 0.55 1.43 10 150.5% Increase
116 Seikei Gakuen, Japan 1.46 1.38 4 -8.8% Decrease
117 Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Japan 0.93 1.37 3 41.8% Increase
118 Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine (KPUM), Japan 1.50 1.37 10 -12.0% Decrease
119 Sapporo Medical University, Japan 0.79 1.36 4 67.0% Increase
120 Kagoshima University, Japan 1.95 1.34 13 -33.4% Decrease
121 Tokyo Women's Medical University (TWMU), Japan 1.22 1.31 10 3.7% Increase
122 Tokyo University of Agriculture, Japan 1.92 1.26 6 -36.7% Decrease
123 Wakayama University, Japan 0.54 1.24 3 121.2% Increase
124 Utsunomiya University, Japan 1.20 1.24 5 -0.1% Decrease
125 Kyoto Prefectural University, Japan 0.00 1.07 4 0.0% Increase
126 Aichi University of Education, Japan 0.15 1.05 6 596.0% Increase
127 Showa Pharmaceutical University, Japan 2.26 1.03 12 -56.1% Decrease
128 Shibaura Institute of Technology (SIT), Japan 0.70 1.01 9 40.3% Increase
129 Toyama Prefectural University, Japan 0.20 1.01 4 386.7% Increase
130 Tokyo University of Technology (TUT), Japan 0.16 1.00 1 485.8% Increase
131 Toyo University, Japan 1.21 0.95 4 -24.7% Decrease
132 Iwate University, Japan 2.40 0.95 8 -61.9% Decrease
133 Gifu Pharmaceutical University (GPU), Japan 3.55 0.94 3 -74.4% Decrease
134 Nippon Medical School, Japan 1.21 0.92 7 -26.7% Decrease
135 Iwate Medical University, Japan 1.32 0.91 7 -33.3% Decrease
136 Prefectural University of Hiroshima, Japan 0.38 0.88 4 127.2% Increase
137 Fukuoka Dental College, Japan 1.00 0.83 1 -19.7% Decrease
138 Meiji Pharmaceutical University, Japan 2.46 0.83 4 -67.5% Decrease
139 Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Japan 1.51 0.78 8 -50.1% Decrease
140 Kagawa University, Japan 1.44 0.78 5 -47.7% Decrease
141 International Christian University (ICU), Japan 0.82 0.74 3 -13.0% Decrease
142 Kogakuin University, Japan 0.97 0.70 6 -30.8% Decrease
143 St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Japan 0.65 0.68 2 1.5% Increase
144 Showa University, Japan 0.52 0.66 7 22.5% Increase
145 Mukogawa Women's University, Japan 0.10 0.64 1 519.8% Increase
146 Muroran Institute of Technology, Japan 0.44 0.62 6 33.5% Increase
147 Ochanomizu University, Japan 3.18 0.61 47 -81.4% Decrease
148 Chiba Institute of Science, Japan 0.00 0.60 1 0.0% Increase
149 Kawasaki Medical University, Japan 0.46 0.60 2 26.5% Increase
150 Aichi Medical University, Japan 0.97 0.60 7 -41.0% Decrease
151 Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Japan 0.00 0.59 2 0.0% Increase
152 National Institute of Technology, Kurume College, Japan 0.50 0.58 2 12.5% Increase
153 Hoshi University, Japan 0.26 0.56 7 102.9% Increase
154 National Institute of Technology, Ibaraki College, Japan 0.01 0.55 3 4,631.2% Increase
155 Dokkyo Medical University, Japan 0.22 0.52 4 130.7% Increase
156 Miyagi University of Education, Japan 0.15 0.51 4 217.2% Increase
157 National Institute of Technology, Kumamoto College, Japan 0.75 0.50 1 -35.7% Decrease
158 Tokyo City University, Japan 0.54 0.46 7 -18.0% Decrease
159 The Open University of Japan, Japan 0.23 0.45 5 93.9% Increase
160 Hosei University, Japan 0.40 0.43 5 3.3% Increase
161 Teikyo Heisei University, Japan 0.20 0.42 2 102.6% Increase
162 National Institute of Technology, Nagaoka College, Japan 0.14 0.42 2 181.2% Increase
162 National Institute of Technology, Tokyo College, Japan 0.00 0.42 2 0.0% Increase
163 Strategic Planning Office for Regional Revitalization, Mie University, Japan 0.00 0.40 1 0.0% Increase
164 International University of Health and Welfare (IUHW), Japan 0.07 0.39 5 457.8% Increase
165 National Defense Medical College, Japan 0.18 0.38 3 101.0% Increase
166 Gifu University of Medical Science, Japan 0.00 0.37 2 0.0% Increase
167 Hokkaido Information University, Japan 0.41 0.36 3 -15.1% Decrease
168 University of Fukui, Japan 1.82 0.36 7 -81.1% Decrease
169 Tamagawa University, Japan 1.25 0.35 2 -73.2% Decrease
170 Prefectural University of Kumamoto (PUK), Japan 0.13 0.34 2 164.5% Increase
171 Asahikawa Medical University, Japan 0.21 0.33 1 53.1% Increase
171 Meio University, Japan 0.00 0.33 1 0.0% Increase
171 National Institute of Technology, Oshima College, Japan 0.00 0.33 1 0.0% Increase
172 National Institute of Technology, Hachinohe College, Japan 0.00 0.32 4 0.0% Increase
173 Josai University Educational Corporation, Japan 0.44 0.31 2 -32.5% Decrease
174 Kitami Institute of Technology, Japan 0.56 0.31 4 -47.2% Decrease
175 Nagahama Institute of Bio-Science and Technology (N-BIO), Japan 0.00 0.30 4 0.0% Increase
176 National Institute of Technology, Toyama College, Japan 0.31 0.29 4 -8.4% Decrease
177 University of Occupational and Environmental Health (UOEH), Japan 0.79 0.28 5 -65.2% Decrease
178 Sanyo-Onoda City University, Japan 0.10 0.28 2 173.2% Increase
179 Tokyo Dental College, Japan 0.00 0.28 1 0.0% Increase
180 Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University (NVLU), Japan 0.07 0.25 2 267.6% Increase
181 Asahi University, Japan 0.00 0.25 2 0.0% Increase
182 Tokyo Kasei University, Japan 0.13 0.25 1 92.8% Increase
182 Aichi Gakuin University (AGU), Japan 0.07 0.25 1 261.6% Increase
182 National Institute of Technology, Kagawa College, Japan 0.25 0.25 1 -3.6% Decrease
182 Tohoku Institute of Technology, Japan 0.13 0.25 1 92.8% Increase
182 Japan Women's University, Japan 0.77 0.25 2 -68.7% Decrease
182 Shiga University, Japan 0.00 0.25 4 0.0% Increase
183 Matsumoto Dental University (MDU), Japan 0.18 0.23 3 19.3% Increase
184 Kanazawa Medical University, Japan 1.30 0.22 4 -83.7% Decrease
185 Kyorin University, Japan 0.53 0.20 4 -63.1% Decrease
186 Hokkaido University of Science (HUS), Japan 0.00 0.20 1 0.0% Increase
186 Osaka Ohtani University, Japan 0.90 0.20 1 -78.7% Decrease
186 Fukui University of Technology, Japan 0.22 0.20 1 -10.7% Decrease
186 Tokyo Denki University, Japan 0.00 0.20 4 0.0% Increase
187 The University of Aizu, Japan 0.27 0.18 4 -34.6% Decrease
188 Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Japan 0.00 0.17 2 0.0% Increase
189 Graduate School for the Creation of New Photonics Industries (GPI), Japan 0.00 0.17 2 0.0% Increase
189 Suzuka University of Medical Science (SUMS), Japan 0.00 0.17 1 0.0% Increase
189 National Institute of Technology, Anan College, Japan 0.00 0.17 1 0.0% Increase
189 Nihon Pharmaceutical University, Japan 0.11 0.17 1 44.6% Increase
189 Nagasaki International University, Japan 0.15 0.17 1 6.3% Increase
189 Fire and Disaster Management College (FDMC), Japan 0.00 0.17 1 0.0% Increase
189 Setsunan University, Japan 0.03 0.17 1 446.4% Increase
190 The Nippon Dental University, Japan 0.15 0.14 8 -7.7% Decrease
191 National Institute of Technology, Akashi College, Japan 0.17 0.14 1 -17.4% Decrease
191 Onomichi City University, Japan 0.02 0.14 1 561.1% Increase
191 Hokkai-Gakuen University, Japan 0.25 0.14 1 -44.9% Decrease
192 Tezukayama Gakuin University, Japan 0.00 0.13 1 0.0% Increase
193 Azabu University, Japan 0.40 0.13 2 -68.2% Decrease
194 Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Japan 0.00 0.13 1 0.0% Increase
194 Aomori University, Japan 0.50 0.13 1 -75.9% Decrease
194 Kanto Gakuin University, Japan 0.20 0.13 1 -39.7% Decrease
195 Chitose Institute of Science and Technology, Japan 1.08 0.11 1 -90.1% Decrease
195 Doshisha Women's College of Liberal Arts, Japan 0.20 0.11 1 -46.4% Decrease
195 Soka University, Japan 0.80 0.11 1 -86.6% Decrease
196 Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Japan 0.09 0.11 65 11.8% Increase
197 Ishikawa Prefectural University, Japan 0.39 0.10 1 -75.2% Decrease
197 Asahikawa National College of Technology, Japan 0.00 0.10 1 0.0% Increase
198 Hiroshima City University (HCU), Japan 0.06 0.10 3 67.6% Increase
199 Osaka Kyoiku University, Japan 0.00 0.09 2 0.0% Increase
200 National Institute of Technology, Okinawa College (NIT, Okinawa College), Japan 0.06 0.09 1 40.2% Increase
200 Saitama Institute of Technology, Japan 0.17 0.09 1 -47.4% Decrease
201 Ohu University, Japan 0.00 0.08 3 0.0% Increase
202 Hiroshima International University, Japan 1.00 0.08 1 -92.6% Decrease
203 Aichi Institute of Technology (AIT), Japan 1.74 0.07 1 -96.0% Decrease
203 Joetsu University of Education, Japan 0.00 0.07 1 0.0% Increase
203 Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University, Japan 0.00 0.07 1 0.0% Increase
203 Tsuru University, Japan 0.00 0.07 1 0.0% Increase
203 Tohoku Gakuin University, Japan 0.25 0.07 1 -72.5% Decrease
204 Hyogo Medical University, Japan 0.46 0.07 2 -86.0% Decrease
205 National Institute of Technology, Niihama College, Japan 0.00 0.07 2 0.0% Increase
205 Kobe City College of Technology, Japan 0.11 0.07 1 -42.2% Decrease
206 Yamagata Prefectural Yonezawa University of Nutrition Sciences, Japan 0.00 0.06 1 0.0% Increase
206 Morioka University, Japan 0.00 0.06 1 0.0% Increase
206 National Institute of Technology, Tsuruoka College, Japan 0.00 0.06 1 0.0% Increase
207 Osaka Electro-Communication University (OECU), Japan 0.00 0.06 2 0.0% Increase
208 Otsuma Women's University, Japan 0.08 0.06 1 -35.7% Decrease
208 Aino University, Japan 0.00 0.06 1 0.0% Increase
208 Seijoh University, Japan 0.00 0.06 1 0.0% Increase
208 Seibo Hospital, Japan 0.00 0.06 1 0.0% Increase
208 Yokkaichi Nursing and Medical Care University, Japan 0.00 0.06 1 0.0% Increase
208 National Institute of Technology, Kochi College, Japan 0.00 0.06 1 0.0% Increase
209 National Institute of Technology, Tokuyama College, Japan 0.00 0.05 2 0.0% Increase
210 Japan College of Social Work (JCSW), Japan 0.00 0.05 1 0.0% Increase
211 Kumamoto Health Science University, Japan 0.00 0.05 1 0.0% Increase
212 Kyoto University of Education, Japan 0.04 0.04 43 -1.0% Decrease
213 Tokyo International University (TIU), Japan 0.00 0.03 1 0.0% Increase
213 Uekusa Gakuen University, Japan 0.00 0.03 1 0.0% Increase
214 Kobe Gakuin University, Japan 0.28 0.03 1 -89.1% Decrease
215 Kanazawa Institute of Technology, Japan 0.00 0.03 1 0.0% Increase
216 Higashi Chikushi Junior College, Japan 0.11 0.02 1 -79.3% Decrease
217 Hiroshima Institute of Technology, Japan 0.07 0.02 42 -68.5% Decrease
218 Hitotsubashi University, Japan 0.01 0.02 1 134.2% Increase
219 Kyushu Sangyo University, Japan 0.00 0.02 2 0.0% Increase
220 Aichi Toho University, Japan 0.02 0.01 1 -7.9% Decrease
221 Yamazaki University of Animal Health Technology, Japan 0.00 0.01 1 0.0% Increase
222 Hokkaido Kitami Hokuto High School, Japan 0.00 0.01 1 0.0% Increase
222 Hokkaido University of Education, Japan 0.01 0.01 1 45.2% Increase
222 Ashikaga University, Japan 0.02 0.01 1 -24.7% Decrease
223 Hokkaido Chitose College of Rehabilitation, Japan 0.00 0.01 1 0.0% Increase
224 National Institute of Technology, Kure College, Japan 0.00 0.00 5 0.0% Increase

Footnote

Each year, the Nature Index publishes tables based on counts of high-quality research outputs in the previous calendar year. Users please note:

  1. The data behind the tables are based on a relatively small proportion of total research papers, they cover the natural sciences and health sciences only and outputs are non-normalized (that is, they don’t reflect the size of the country or institution, or its overall research output).
  2. The Nature Index is one indicator of institutional research performance. The metrics of Count and Share used to order Nature Index listings are based on an institution’s or country’s publication output in 145 natural-science and health-science journals. The journals were selected on reputation by an independent panel of leading scientists in their fields. The list is reviewed periodically and journals may be removed or added. Articles from eLife were no longer included in the Nature Index from 2023 after the journal changed its publishing model.
  3. Nature Index recognizes that many other factors must be taken into account when considering research quality and institutional performance; Nature Index metrics alone should not be used to assess institutions or individuals.
  4. Nature Index data and methods are transparent and available under a creative commons licence at nature.com/nature-index/.
  5. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

The Nature Index database undergoes regular updating, corrections, adjustment of institutional hierarchies, and removal of retracted papers and thus the live website can differ from the frozen research leaders.


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