2019 tables: Countries/territories - physical sciences

The 2019 tables are based on Nature Index data from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2018.

Table criteria

Request a badge Export CSV
# Country/territory Share 2017 Share 2018 Count 2018 Change in Adjusted Share 2017-2018*
1 United States of America (USA) 5,008.79 5,064.99 7,771 -4.4%
2 China 2,869.57 3,462.35 5,191 14.1%
3 Germany 1,571.58 1,582.35 3,332 -4.8%
4 Japan 967.59 1,054.42 1,882 3.1%
5 United Kingdom (UK) 1,024.10 1,012.04 2,416 -6.5%
6 France 751.16 694.50 1,786 -12.6%
7 South Korea 621.15 658.27 1,180 0.2%
8 Switzerland 484.81 527.37 1,377 2.9%
9 Italy 495.26 513.37 1,338 -2.0%
10 Spain 413.39 408.54 1,176 -6.5%
11 Canada 376.96 369.60 892 -7.3%
12 Netherlands 309.85 323.93 846 -1.1%
13 India 332.02 320.64 650 -8.7%
14 Russia 251.23 315.01 977 18.6%
15 Australia 257.63 293.84 815 7.9%
16 Singapore 264.84 281.32 525 0.5%
17 Israel 238.72 250.33 555 -0.8%
18 Sweden 189.16 196.56 606 -1.7%
19 Brazil 141.06 169.63 555 13.7%
20 Belgium 123.38 139.34 449 6.8%
21 Taiwan 157.53 137.68 480 -17.3%
22 Denmark 115.26 132.76 394 8.9%
23 Austria 137.71 131.89 490 -9.4%
24 Poland 98.13 117.19 530 12.9%
25 Iran 58.04 79.62 223 29.7%
26 Czech Republic 64.66 76.89 376 12.5%
27 Finland 67.50 75.33 306 5.5%
28 Chile 70.29 74.26 279 -0.1%
29 Portugal 47.97 56.21 324 10.8%
30 Saudi Arabia 52.92 52.27 210 -6.6%
31 Mexico 30.43 42.21 228 31.2%
32 Norway 28.74 39.65 189 30.5%
33 Argentina 51.92 39.62 140 -27.8%
34 Turkey 31.53 39.41 264 18.2%
35 Greece 33.55 36.20 268 2.0%
36 Ireland 45.28 35.38 252 -26.1%
37 South Africa 24.22 28.88 158 12.8%
38 Hungary 21.12 26.36 236 18.0%
39 Pakistan 32.57 22.90 157 -33.5%
40 Slovenia 20.43 20.00 129 -7.4%
41 New Zealand 15.82 17.16 149 2.6%
42 Croatia 10.47 16.56 162 49.5%
43 Thailand 12.11 15.68 151 22.4%
44 Ukraine 14.36 14.45 211 -4.8%
45 Romania 10.39 11.27 166 2.5%
46 Luxembourg 9.25 11.11 30 13.6%
47 Vietnam 4.51 9.58 54 101.0%
48 Colombia 6.37 9.41 236 39.6%
49 Serbia 4.27 8.17 174 81.1%
50 Lithuania 5.02 8.03 111 51.2%

Footnote

Each year, the Nature Index publishes tables based on counts of high-quality research outputs in the previous calendar year. Users please note:

  1. The data behind the tables are based on a relatively small proportion of total research papers, they cover the natural sciences only and outputs are non-normalized (that is, they don’t reflect the size of the country or institution, or its overall research output).
  2. The Nature Index is one indicator of institutional research performance. The metrics of Count and Share used to order Nature Index listings are based on an institution’s or country’s publication output in 82 natural-science journals, selected on reputation by an independent panel of leading scientists in their fields.
  3. Nature Index recognizes that many other factors must be taken into account when considering research quality and institutional performance; Nature Index metrics alone should not be used to assess institutions or individuals.
  4. Nature Index data and methods are transparent and available under a creative commons licence at nature.com/nature-index/.

The Nature Index database undergoes regular updating, corrections, adjustment of institutional hierarchies, and removal of retracted papers and thus the live website can differ from the frozen annual tables.

*The change in adjusted Share accounts for the small annual variation in the total number of articles in Nature Index journals. Share values have been adjusted to 2021 levels to calculate the percentage change. For more information on the adjustment, please see the Adjusted metric explainer.


Numerical information only is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.