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Disorders involving injury to tissue stem cells may show unusually devastating clinical consequences. In acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) relatively few cytotoxic immune cells target skin stem cells to produce significant morbidity and mortality. By analogy, SARS-CoV-2 initially homes to pulmonary stem cells that preferentially express the ACE2 receptor, thus potentially incurring similarly robust pathological consequences. As with aGVHD, lung stem cell targeting is a potential co-factor in explaining age-related severity of COVID-19 infection.
Tandem mass spectrometry can reveal metabolite positional labeling and improve the performance of metabolic flux analysis as long as daughter ions are carefully inspected. When calculating the fluxes, the tandem mass isotopomer distributions as well as the mass isotopomer distributions of parent and daughter ions should all be used to constrain the fluxes in order to achieve the best performance.
This mini-review summarizes the role of βcysteine 93 in oxidative stability of hemoglobin in human blood. βCys93 has been recognized as an end point for radicals originating from heme during oxidative stress and therefore it may be an important biological marker of oxidative stability of hemoglobin within red blood cells intended for transfusion or in hemoglobinopathies.
