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Large Arctic wildfires have caused around 21,000 excess deaths each year between 2001 and 2020, of which roughly 8000 occurred in countries outside the Arctic Council, suggest Earth model simulations.
Isotope and element geochemistry of lavas from the Philippine Sea Plate and west Pacific marginal basin reveal the boundaries between mantle domains and indicate the Zealandia-Antarctic domain is three times larger than previously believed.
A 2000 year-long sedimentary record of tsunami deposits along the Mexican subduction zone provides a proxy for earthquake occurrence and suggests a large event of magnitude 8 or greater occurred in the Guerrero seismic gap around AD 1300.
Marine heatwave assessments based on three different sea-surface-temperature products show significant spread in occurrence, duration and long-term trend in both coastal and open ocean settings in Asia and the Indo-Pacific, possibly due to differences in sensors, procedures, and sea ice treatments.
Evidence on environmental, socio-political, technological, and economic impacts of six land-based carbon dioxide removal options is especially rich for Europe with a global predominance of negative impacts, suggests a bibliometric analysis and systematic classification of 982 peer-reviewed articles.
Decreased availability of plant substrate can explain the decline in autotrophic respiration at constant temperature during the night, according to a simple respiration model with two carbohydrate pools.
The simultaneous occurrence of coastal heat waves and extreme sea levels increased during the period 1979-2017, particularly in the tropical region, and its likelihood is expected to increase 5-fold between 2025 and 2049 under a high emission scenario, according to climate reanalysis and future model projections.
A 3D stochastic declustering algorithm, applied to data from the dense seismic array at the Alto Tiberina Fault system, Italy, suggests the difference between earthquake size distributions of independent and triggered seismicity is not an artifact.
Icelandic volcanic systems showed increased and prolonged activity over the period 751 to 940, challenging the concept of a medieval quiet period, according to an analysis of cryptotephras, sulfur isotopes and heavy metals from seven Greenland ice cores.
Decarbonization of the Southern Power Grid in China is feasible by 2060 but requires converting a large cropland area to support solar and wind energy; expansion of hydropower will impact the transboundary rivers according to a power system optimization model set up for 2020–2060.
Ocean acidification may offset warming-induced increases in estuarine sediment denitrification and nitrous oxide production by up to 64%, suggests a series of subtidal sediment core incubation experiments.
High-pressure and high-temperature experiments suggest a redox-controlled partitioning behavior of platinum group elements between sulfide liquid and basaltic melt, which could help constrain the formation mechanisms of magmatic sulfide deposits
Metallic iron nanoparticles within impact-generated glass on the Moon contain very high concentrations of Helium-3 imparted by space weathering and may represent an important helium reservoir, according to nanoscale observations of lunar soil samples.
Clustering of multiple atmospheric rivers that make landfall over the US West Coast depends on subseasonal circulation variability and could increase in the future, thereby enhancing flood risks, according to reanalyses and model projections for the period 1979–2100.
Distinct moisture source transition from the West Pacific Ocean to the Westerly and inland domain occurred during West China Autumn Precipitation in Northwest China, according to event-based precipitation triple oxygen isotope data and moisture source analysis.
The presence of entrained and suspended coarse sediments is the principal factor that influences the erosional power of hyperconcentrated flows in bedrock, according to erosion observations for a June 2020 flood event in the German Alps.
Stronger negative cloud feedback due to a shift from supercooled clouds to warm clouds under climate warming weakens extratropical cloud feedback and impacts climate sensitivity and uncertainty in recent climate models, suggests an analysis of satellite observations and simulations.
Aerosol misrepresentations in many regional climate models largely explain why their simulations underestimate the summer warming in Western Europe in the past 40 years, according to a multi-model analysis.
Stratospheric aerosol injection, marine cloud brightening, and cirrus thinning are less effective in cooling the Arctic than the globe and may lead to increased risk of wildfires and permafrost thawing, according to an analysis of global climate model simulations.
Around 48% of tree species in an aseasonal forest in Borneo, Malaysia had reduced growth during heavy rains, and 92% of species showed reduced survival, whereas as little as 4% of species had a decrease in growth or survival during dry periods during 2004–2017, according to an analysis of tree dynamics data from 25 tropical species.