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Using an experimental evolution approach, this study provides direct evidence that herbivory-induced responses contribute to rapid adaptive evolution to herbivores in plants.
A sex chromosome identification method for ancient DNA revealed six individuals who lived with chromosomal aneuploidies in Britain from ~ 2,500 to 250 years ago. Genomic and osteological information was combined to shed light on their lives.
Ex vivo electrophysiology reveals that vagus firing patterns differ between aged and young mice, and that the aminosterol, squalamine, changed aged neuronal firing to a younger neuron phenotype. Squalamine, but not sertraline, increased firing rates in the aged vagus.
The dengue viral protein NS5 interacts with human STAT2 in a conformational selection mechanism, and structural analysis reveals that subtle amino acid variation in NS5 proteins underpins their species-specific host interactions.
CCDC88B physically interacts with ARHGEF2 and RASAL3; defective mice show dampened neuroinflammation, altered susceptibility to colitis and altered DCs motility by modulating RHOA, with ARHGEF2 and RASAL3 acting in opposite regulatory fashions.
Autologous serum- and feeder-free cultured epithelium showcases comparable efficacy, increased safety over serum- and feeder-dependent epithelium, revealing the role of LAMB3+ keratinocytes and ZNF90+ fibroblasts in vitiligo.
Applying MSBP to cryo-sample can protect particles from air-water interface, leading to an enhanced particle distribution and behavior. This simple approach offers an alternative strategy to optimize cryo-samples for single-particle cryo-EM studies
A combined colonic histomorphology, 16 S rRNA gene sequencing, and untargeted metabolomics analysis on D-ribose-fed mice suggest that oral D-ribose caused intestinal epithelial barrier impairment and microbiota-gut-brain axis dysbiosis.
A large-scale multi-cohort association study reveals strong and consistent impacts of birth order on DNA methylation events around the genome, potentially due to changes in placentation, nutrition, and growth factors between first and subsequent pregnancies.
To facilitate large-scale manufacturing of induced pluripotent stem cells, a Biological System-of-Systems (Bio-SoS) framework is proposed to model cell-to-cell interactions, spatial and metabolic heterogeneity, and cell response to micro-environmental variation.
In-silico based in vitro and in vivo validations identified a lead molecule that specifically targets: ApoE4 protein; inhibits ApoE4::CLEAR DNA binding; rescues thwarted lysosomal autophagy; and protects against Aβ aggregation.
A scRNA-seq study reveals a complex yet unique tumor microenvironment of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) with lymphatic metastasis, and the data may help identify potential diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for LSCC.
Cryo-electron microscopy reveals the structure of a stacked overlapping tri-nucleosome assembly found downstream of transcription start sites of actively transcribed genes.
Mathematical and experimental approaches suggest that the organism may resort to autoimmunity to fine-tune erythrocyte lifespan as a strategy to adjust the number of cells circulating in the blood at any time.
This study investigates the ability to balance the energetic constraints of molting on land in a diving mammal, the southern elephant seal, the only phocid to experiment a catastrophic molt in a cold and windy environment.
A computational analysis of human kappa and lambda antibodies suggests that lambda antibodies are frequently less therapeutically developable due to their physicochemical properties, but that rational design strategies could reduce this risk.
Analysis of 7918 global carbapenem-resistant E. coli genomes reveals the transitions of diverse sequence types (STs), three host-switching events leading to the spread of resistance plasmids, and the crucial transmission country hubs and patterns of major STs.
High-quality genome assemblies, each generated using a single MinION flow cell, are reported for three critically endangered ash tree species, Fraxinus americana (white ash), F. nigra (black ash), and F. pennsylvanica (green ash).
A twin study reveals genetic effects on variability in major dimensions of aesthetic evaluations are shared across visual domains, whereas only environmental effects influence aesthetic tastes for abstract images.