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3′-Sialyllactose alleviates the progression of osteoporosis by regulating bone homeostasis and may have a therapeutic effect as an anti-osteoporosis agent.
The circRNA cVIM may act as a sponge for miR-122-5p and miR-9-5p to enhance expression of TGFBR1 and TGFBR2 and promote activation of the TGF-β/Smad pathway, thereby accelerating the progression of liver fibrosis.
A pharmaco-electroencephalography study shows a general facilitatory effect of intranasal oxytocin on learning under both the volatile and stable associations via improving early attentional selection and late neural processing efficiency.
Shedding light on archaeal glutamine synthetase regulation: Methermicoccus shengliensis GS is feedback inhibited by glutamine, while Methanothermococcus thermolithotrophicus GS is activated by 2-oxoglutarate via long-range conformational changes.
The processes underlying Cope’s rule of increasing body size in animal lineages are investigated using computational models. Varied levels of extinction risk may alter the conformity of a lineage to Cope’s rule.
Androgen receptor (AR) suppresses DPYSL5, and overexpression of DPYSL5 promotes prostate cancer cell plasticity via EZH2-mediated PRC2 activation, suggesting that the AR/DPYSL5/EZH2/PRC2 axis may act as a driver of treatment-induced neuroendocrine prostate cancer.
This study delves into ant Tree of Life using phylogenomic and model comparison methods on extensive datasets, emphasizing the importance of modelling compositional heterogeneity in understanding deep phylogeny of insects.
A GWAS in a multi-ethnic cohort identifies a novel association between the GLI3 SNP rs2058019 and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) severity, which was confirmed as relevant to preretinal neovascular disease and human ocular gene expression.
In vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo analysis shows that the Adhesion GPCR ADGRF5/GPR116 regulates islet functionality. Activation of the receptor leads to an increase in somatostatin secretion whereas loss of the receptor results in metabolic changes.
Based on optimal foraging theory, the study of adaptive networks suggests that interaction rewiring can shape the structure of 3-guild networks, incorporating both mutualistic and antagonistic interactions.
Systemic inflammation causes behavioural and cognitive dysfunction selectively in older mice. Even in older mice risk is heterogeneous and loss of white matter integrity and microgliosis significantly predict this cognitive vulnerability.
A comprehensive computational analysis of 3000 transcriptome profiles shows that transcription readthrough is pervasive and non-stochastic in both abnormal conditions and in healthy tissues.
A workflow is established for simple, deep, and reproducible proteomic analysis of serum EVs enriched fractions by 4D-DIA-MS, achieving 4270 and 3328 proteins quantified from large and small EVs enriched fractions, respectively, in a cohort study.
A model of macaque cervical motoneurons shows that the somatotopic organization of motoneuron pools reflects the synergistic and antagonistic actions of the muscles they innervate; this may help simplify sensorimotor control.
RNA-seq analysis of lncRNAs in Holstein dairy cows identifies lncRNA functional regulatory elements in milk somatic cells, which in turn may enhance cattle breeding strategies for mastitis resistance.
Under high temperature in zebrafish, the temperature sensitive ion channel Trpv4 is upregulated in Leydig cells, inducing apoptosis. Leydig cell-specific apoptosis decreases steroid hormone synthesis, impairing the motility of sperm with compromised genome integrity.
A GPS study on wild vulturine guineafowl reveals shared decision-making similar to that in baboons and theoretical models. In directional conflicts, followers compromise for small differences and choose the majority’s direction for large differences.
Mucosal pentraxin 2 (Mptx2) is identified as a marker of Paneth cells, and its deficiency is shown to trigger microbiota dysbiosis and increased epithelial invasion by bacteria while also reducing secretory autophagy.
Analysis of CRISPR mutants of two Y-linked genes, WDY and PRY, suggest they play roles in different aspects of sperm motility, culminating in an inability of sperm to be stored in female Drosophila melanogaster.