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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) describes several conditions characterised by progressive kidney damage and loss of function. CKD is known to affect millions worldwide and is growing in prevalence due to a rise in the population effected by major risk factors, including obesity, diabetes, and ageing. Causes can be both environmental and genetic, with the most common being diabetes, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis.
The disease is classified into 5 stages based on the severity of the abnormal reduction in glomerular filtration rate a patient experiences. At the early stages (1-3), patients have mild to moderate loss of kidney function, whereas stage 5 is also known as end stage renal disease and patients at this stage will most likely require kidney transplant.
Early diagnosis is vital to slow disease progression and to ensure patient quality of life is preserved as much as possible, however, with patients often displaying limited symptoms during the early stages of the disease, many may be unaware of their condition until it is advanced.
This Collection aims to bring together primary research papers that describe methods for improved CKD early diagnosis, monitoring or treatment or provide mechanistic insight into the underlying causes of the disease.