The anti-nerve growth factor (NGF) antibody fasinumab improved pain and function in patients with osteoarthritis (OA) in a phase III study in the USA. 342 patients with knee or hip OA were randomly allocated on a 1:1:1:1:1 basis to receive either placebo, or fasinumab at 1 mg, 3 mg, 6 mg or 9 mg doses, every 4 weeks for 16 weeks. All doses of fasinumab produced statistically significant and clinically important reductions in pain compared with placebo at 16 weeks. One patient receiving 6 mg fasinumab developed destructive arthropathy.