Serum concentrations of midkine (a growth factor) and follistatin-related protein 3 (FSTL3) could discriminate between patients with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (lcSSc) who did and did not have pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in a discovery cohort of 29 patients. An increased serum concentration of both midkine and FSTL3 (as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was validated as a biomarker for PAH in two independent cohorts of patients with lcSSc (n = 35, n = 29), in which it had a sensitivity of 76% and 91%, respectively, and a specificity of 76% and 81%, respectively.
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Rice, L. M. et al. Serum biomarker for diagnostic evaluation of pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Res. Ther. 20, 185 (2018)
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Collison, J. Serum biomarkers for diagnosing PAH. Nat Rev Rheumatol 14, 560 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41584-018-0085-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41584-018-0085-6