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Clinical features, laboratory findings and treatment of juxtaglomerular cell tumors: a systemic review

Hypertension Research volume 47, pages 1380–1390 (2024)Cite this article

Abstract

Juxtaglomerular cell tumors (JGCTs) or reninoma are rare kidney tumors leading to secondary hypertension, and the non-specific clinical manifestations bring about challenges to the diagnosis. This study is to summarize the clinical features, laboratory findings, and treatment of JGCTs. The PubMed, EMBASE database, and manual search were utilized to find all cases, and 158 reports containing 261 patients were identified. Data on patients’ demographics, clinical features, diagnostic methods, and treatment options were collected and analyzed. JGCTs occurred predominantly in female patients (female to male ratio, 2.1:1). The median age of patients was 25 years (IQR:18–34 years). Hypertension (97.24%) was the cardinal manifestation. Hypokalemia was reported in 78.71% (159/202) of subjects, and normal serum potassium accounted for 20.79% (42/202). In cases with assessed plasma renin activity (PRA) levels, the median PRA was 7.89 times the upper limit of normal (IQR:3.58–14.41), and 3.82% (5/131) of cases in the normal range. Tumors were detected in 97.8% (175/179) computed tomography (CT), 94.7% (72/76) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and 81.5% (110/135) ultrasound, respectively. For 250/261 patients undergoing surgical procedures, 89.14% (197/221), 94.94% (150/158), and 100% (131/131) of patients were restored to normal blood pressure, PRA, and serum potassium, respectively. JGCTs are commonly associated with hypertension, hypokalemia, and hyperreninemia, whereas patients with normotension, normokalemia, and PRA should be systematically pursued after drug-elution lasting for 2 weeks. CT and MRI are more sensitive imaging diagnostic methods. The blood pressure and biochemical parameters of most patients returned to normal after surgery.

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The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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  1. These authors contributed equally: Hui Dong, Yujie Zuo

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  1. Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China

    Hui Dong, Yujie Zuo, Xuanqi An, Hongwu Li, Zhihao Zheng, Yang Chen, Yubao Zou & Xiongjing Jiang

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Hui Dong and Yujie Zuo: project development, data collection, manuscript writing. Xuanqi An and Yubao Zou: manuscript editing. Hongwu Li and Zhihao Zheng, and Yang Che: data analysis. Xiongjing Jiang: project development, manuscript editing.

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Dong, H., Zuo, Y., An, X. et al. Clinical features, laboratory findings and treatment of juxtaglomerular cell tumors: a systemic review. Hypertens Res 47, 1380–1390 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41440-024-01606-w

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