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Fresh or frozen grafts for allogeneic stem cell transplantation: conceptual considerations and a survey on the practice during the COVID-19 pandemic from the EBMT Infectious Diseases Working Party (IDWP) and Cellular Therapy & Immunobiology Working Party (CTIWP)

Bone Marrow Transplantation volume 58, pages 1348–1356 (2023)Cite this article

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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on medical practices, including the delivery of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). In response, transplant centers have made changes to their procedures, including an increased use of cryopreservation for allogeneic haematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) grafts. The use of cryopreserved grafts for allogeneic HCT has been reviewed and analysed in terms of potential benefits and drawbacks based on existing data on impact on cell subsets, hematological recovery, and clinical outcomes of approximately 2000 patients from different studies. A survey of European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation centers was also conducted to assess changes in practice during the pandemic and any unnecessary burdens on HPC donors. Before the pandemic, only 7.4% of transplant centers were routinely cryopreserving HPC products, but this percentage increased to 90% during the pandemic. The results of this review and survey suggest that cryopreservation of HPC grafts is a viable option for allogeneic HCT in certain situations, but further research is needed to determine long-term effects and ethical discussions are required to balance the needs of donors and patients when using frozen allografts.

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2: Depicts the number of allogeneic HCTs with fresh and cryopreserved products performed between March 2020 and June 2021 in reporting EBMT centres.

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All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the COVID-19 task force, IDWP and CTIWP for their cooperation in the preparation of the survey and EBMT centers for their participation in the survey (Supplementary Table 2).

Funding

The authors declare no funding was received for this study. All authors declare that there are no competing financial interests in relation to the work described.

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Author notes

  1. These authors contributed equally: J. Kuball, A. Ruggeri.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Medical University Vienna; Department. of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Vienna, Austria

    N. Worel

  2. Department. of Cellular Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge and Div. of Hematology, Department. of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

    P. Ljungman

  3. EBMT Leiden Study Unit, Leiden, Netherlands

    I. C. M. Verheggen, J. D. Hoogenboom & N. S. Knelange

  4. EBMT Statistical Unit, Leiden, Netherlands

    D.-J. Eikema

  5. EBMT Executive Office, Barcelona, Spain

    I. Sánchez-Ortega

  6. Department of Hematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands

    C. Riillo, I. Centorrino & J. Kuball

  7. Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem; Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel

    D. Averbuch

  8. Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer; Centre d’Investigations Cliniques en Biothérapie, Université d’Aix-Marseille, Inserm CBT, 1409, Marseille, France

    C. Chabannon

  9. Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain

    R. de la Camara

  10. Ospedale San Raffaele s.r.l., Haematology and BMT, Milan, Italy

    A. Ruggeri

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Contributions

NW, PL, DA, CC, RC, and AR designed the survey; NW, PL, ICMV, JDH, NSK, DJE, ISO, DA, CC, RC and AR analyzed the data. CR, IC, and JK prepared the tables. NW, ICMV, JK, and AR wrote the manuscript. All authors contributed to the article and approved the submitted version.

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Correspondence to N. Worel.

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Worel, N., Ljungman, P., Verheggen, I.C.M. et al. Fresh or frozen grafts for allogeneic stem cell transplantation: conceptual considerations and a survey on the practice during the COVID-19 pandemic from the EBMT Infectious Diseases Working Party (IDWP) and Cellular Therapy & Immunobiology Working Party (CTIWP). Bone Marrow Transplant 58, 1348–1356 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41409-023-02099-w

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