As the leading country in health-sciences output in the Nature Index, the United States’ Share is almost 8,500, higher than the next 10 leading countries combined. As a result, US institutions feature prominently among the leading research organizations for the subject, with 30 of the top 50 being based there.

The country’s dominance means that it comes top for Share in all but seven of the journals tracked by the Nature Index in the subject. This includes large general journals such as Nature Communications and specialist medical publications such as The New England Journal of Medicine. PLOS Medicine and Gut are two examples where authors based elsewhere (the United Kingdom and China) made the largest contribution.

Proportion bar showing the leading five countries' Share and percentage of their contribution to health-sciences articles in 6 journals

Source: Nature Index. Data analysis by Aayush Kagathra. Infographic by Simon Baker, Bec Crew and Tanner Maxwell.

The United States is the clear frontrunner among the leading five countries for health-sciences research, with a Share almost four times higher than China, in second place. The United Kingdom is third, with a Share of almost 1,500, a higher placing than its fourth position overall in the Nature Index.

Bar graph showing the leading countries in health-sciences output by Share in 2022-23 in the Nature Index

Source: Nature Index. Data analysis by Aayush Kagathra. Infographic by Simon Baker, Bec Crew and Tanner Maxwell.

Out of the top 25 countries for health-sciences articles in the Nature Index, five nations have a Share that makes up at least 29% of their overall footprint in the database across all subjects. Denmark, whose research is boosted by the success of companies such as Novo Nordisk, has the highest ratio in this regard at almost 40%.

Bar graph showing five of 25 countries with the highest proportion of health-sciences output in the Nature Index

Source: Nature Index. Data analysis by Aayush Kagathra. Infographic by Simon Baker, Bec Crew and Tanner Maxwell.

As Harvard University, in Cambridge, Massachusetts, is the leading institution for high-quality health-sciences research, its involvement in the top institutional partnership in the field is no surprise. But its dominance does not extend to all the other leading collaborations, some of which involve institutions outside the United States.

Bar graph showing the leading global institutional collaborations in health sciences in the Nature Index for 2022-23

Source: Nature Index. Data analysis by Aayush Kagathra. Infographic by Simon Baker, Bec Crew and Tanner Maxwell.

The difference in Nature Index health-sciences output between the leading academic institution, Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and other top institutions is a Share of more than 600. Compared with Harvard, most of the leading institutions also have a lower proportion of their overall Nature Index output in health sciences.

The University of Toronto in Canada and Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, are the only other academic institutions with a health-sciences Share of over 200. They also have a relatively strong focus on health sciences, with over 35% of their overall Nature Index research output in the subject area.

Scatter plot showing selected institutions' Share in health sciences vs their health-science article contribution to overall Share in the Nature Index for 2022-23

Source: Nature Index. Data analysis by Aayush Kagathra. Infographic by Simon Baker, Bec Crew and Tanner Maxwell.