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Anisotropic structures at the base of the Earth's mantle

Nature volume 393, pages 564–567 (1998)Cite this article

Abstract

The D″ shell at the base of the Earth's mantle is thought to be a thermal and compositional boundary layer where vigorous dynamical processes are taking place1,2,3,4. An important property of D″ is its seismic anisotropy, expressed as different velocities for horizontally and vertically polarized shear waves that have been diffracted or reflected at the core–mantle boundary5,6. The nature of this anisotropy has been the subject of debate7,8,9,10,11. Here we present an analysis of various seismic phases, generated in the Kermadec–Fiji–Tonga zone and recorded at stations in North America, which reveal a region at the base of the mantle beneath the southwest Pacific Ocean where horizontally propagating vertically polarized waves are slower (by at least 10 per cent) than horizontally polarized waves. This observed anisotropy is an order of magnitude larger than that previously thought to exist in the lower mantle, and corresponds to lateral variations in horizontally polarized shear-wave velocity which are also of about 10 per cent. We speculate that this anisotropy may be the result of the mixing and shearing of strongly heterogeneous material in the boundary layer.

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Figure 1: Geometry of the data set considered.
Figure 2: Residuals of SHdiff−SKS and SHdiff − SKKS differential travel times with respect to those for PREM12, for HRV/WFM, RSON and CCM, and corresponding regression lines.
Figure 3: SKKS−SKS residuals for all paths in EPS Fig. 1b.
Figure 4: Delays of SVdiff with respect to SHdiff as a function of epicentral distance for stations HRV/WFM, RSON and CCM.

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Acknowledgements

We thank M. Wysession for reviews. This work was partially supported by NSF.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Seismological Laboratory University of California, Berkeley, 94720, California, USA

    Lev Vinnik, Ludovic Breger & Barbara Romanowicz

  2. Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of California, Berkeley, 94720, California, USA

    Ludovic Breger & Barbara Romanowicz

  3. Institute of Physics of the Earth, Bolshaya Gruzinskaya 10, Moscow, CIS

    Lev Vinnik

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  1. Lev Vinnik
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  3. Barbara Romanowicz
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Correspondence to Barbara Romanowicz.

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Vinnik, L., Breger, L. & Romanowicz, B. Anisotropic structures at the base of the Earth's mantle. Nature 393, 564–567 (1998). https://doi.org/10.1038/31208

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