Featured
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Comment |
Hearing abnormalities in patients treated with teprotumumab
The introduction of teprotumumab for the treatment of thyroid eye disease has dramatically improved management of this life-changing condition; however, clinical trials and experience in the clinic have revealed associated hearing abnormalities.
- Jason A. Brant
- , Don O. Kikkawa
- & Terry J. Smith
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Review Article |
Macrophage functional diversity in NAFLD — more than inflammation
Macrophages in the liver can undergo phenotypic changes during metabolic diseases such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This Review discusses our current understanding of the changes in the proportions and functions of liver macrophage populations in health and NAFLD.
- Emelie Barreby
- , Ping Chen
- & Myriam Aouadi
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Review Article |
Inflammaging: a new immune–metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases
Many mechanistic processes during ageing and age-related diseases cause inflammation. In this Review, the authors discuss the relationship between the immune and metabolic systems during ageing and age-related diseases and the potential use of new biomarkers capable of distinguishing between biological and chronological age in metabolic diseases.
- Claudio Franceschi
- , Paolo Garagnani
- & Aurelia Santoro
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Year in Review |
Metabolism and the inflammasome in health and ageing
Extracellular danger-associated molecular patterns signal to NOD-like receptors, but the exact signalling pathways remain unclear. The inflammasomes, a subgroup of these receptors, translate danger signals into inflammatory responses by maturing IL-1 and IL-18. In 2017, researchers reported novel functions of the mutual interaction between metabolism and the inflammasomes in health and disease.
- Thomas Mandrup-Poulsen
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Review Article |
Adapting to obesity with adipose tissue inflammation
Adipose tissue inflammation is an adaptive response to overnutrition in the early stages of obesity, but later becomes maladaptive. Here, Reilly and Saltiel review the cellular and molecular mechanisms of obesity-induced inflammation in adipose tissue and discuss potential therapeutic approaches.
- Shannon M. Reilly
- & Alan R. Saltiel
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Year in Review |
Obesity in geroscience — is cellular senescence the culprit?
Obesity and ageing are major worldwide health challenges associated with lifestyle changes and an increase in age-related diseases, characterized by chronic inflammation dubbed metaflammation and inflammaging. However, the mechanistic link between these inflammatory processes is still unknown. New findings in 2016 shed light on these issues and indicate common targets for intervention.
- Claudio Franceschi
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Review Article |
Endocannabinoids — at the crossroads between the gut microbiota and host metabolism
Here, Patrice Cani and colleagues discuss interactions between gut microorganisms, the endocannabinoid system and host metabolism, in the context of both physiology and pathophysiology. The authors highlight the importance of gut barrier function by discussing the role of specific factors involved in intestinal permeability and their role in the gut microbiota–endocannabinoid system axis. The therapeutic potential of targeting the endocannabinoid system to treat cardiometabolic disorders and intestinal inflammation is also discussed.
- Patrice D. Cani
- , Hubert Plovier
- & Amandine Everard
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Research Highlight |
Epigenetic changes lead to impaired wound healing in patients with T2DM
- Peter Sidaway
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News & Views |
Can inflammatory status define metabolic health?
A recent study shows that inflammation could be the underlying factor that determines the differences in metabolic profiles between subgroups of obesity. An improved understanding and characterization of these subgroups should help to develop innovative approaches to treat obesity.
- Antony D. Karelis
- & Rémi Rabasa-Lhoret
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Review Article |
MicroRNAs—mediators of myometrial contractility during pregnancy and labour
This Review highlights the key role of microRNAs and their targets in the maintenance of pregnancy and initiation of term and preterm labour. The authors review data on microRNAs as evolutionarily conserved, hormonally controlled modulators of inflammatory and contractile gene expression in the uterus during pregnancy.
- Nora E. Renthal
- , Koriand'r C. Williams
- & Carole R. Mendelson
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Research Highlight |
Teaching an old drug new tricks—amlexanox targets inflammation to improve metabolic dysfunction
- Linda Koch
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Review Article |
The vagus nerve and the inflammatory reflex—linking immunity and metabolism
Vagus-nerve signalling regulates immune activation and metabolic homeostasis. Dysregulation of metabolism and immune function in obesity results in chronic inflammation associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In this Review, exploiting the vagus-nerve-mediated inflammatory reflex in the treatment of obesity-related disorders is discussed.
- Valentin A. Pavlov
- & Kevin J. Tracey
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Review Article |
Adaptive immunity in obesity and insulin resistance
Obesity is a key feature of the metabolic syndrome and increased adiposity has been associated with inflammation in the visceral compartment. In this Review, the authors describe inflammatory processes that occur in adipose tissue, focussing on how adaptive immune system cells promote inflammation.
- Henrike Sell
- , Christiane Habich
- & Juergen Eckel
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News & Views |
Should we treat infection or inflammation to prevent T2DM?
Infections have been proposed as triggers of inflammation that could predispose individuals to type 2 diabetes mellitus. In a prospective cohort study, Jeon and co-workers provide evidence of a role of Helicobacter pylori infection in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but mechanistic insight is needed.
- Outi Vaarala
- & Hannele Yki-Järvinen
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News & Views |
Treatment of diabetes mellitus: new tricks by an old player
Case reports published over 100 years ago suggested that high-dose sodium salicylate could reduce the symptoms of type 2 diabetes mellitus, but adverse affects precluded clinical use. Now, results from the TINSAL-T2D study that used salsalate, a salicylate prodrug, provide renewed hope for NSAID treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
- Bente K. Pedersen
- & Mark A. Febbraio
Transcriptional control of metabolism by interferon regulatory factors
Brain–immune networks: a role for GLP1 receptor
Ketogenic diet affects immune cells in mice
Obesity-linked inflammation tied to glutamine levels
New roles for inflammation-associated hormone
Drivers of islet inflammation
ANT2 mediates hypoxia and inflammation in obesity
Palmitate is not a TLR4 agonist
A smarter way to treat obesity
Paradigm shift in the immunopathogenesis of NAFLD
Macrophage retention inhibits beige adipogenesis in obesity
Physiologic role of IL-1β in glucose homeostasis
Plasma membrane key to diet-induced insulin resistance
MHC class II pathway mediates adipose inflammation