Graphene articles within Nature Physics

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  • News & Views |

    Negative refraction can produce optical Veselago lenses with a resolution that is not diffraction-limited. Similar lenses can also be made for electrons, with negative refraction of Dirac fermions now shown in graphene.

    • Péter Makk

  • Letter |

    Bilayer graphene can host topological currents that are robust against defects and are associated with the electron valleys. It is now shown that electric fields can tune this topological valley transport over long distances at room temperature.

    • Mengqiao Sui
    • , Guorui Chen
    •  & Yuanbo Zhang

  • News & Views |

    When do structures comprising a few crystalline sheets become truly two dimensional? The number of layers certainly plays a role, but in trilayer graphene, the way they're stacked matters too — as shown in a series of Nature Physics papers from 2011.

    • Alberto F. Morpurgo

  • Letter |

    Contrary to common belief, bilayer graphene is not defect-free: the abundance of partial dislocations leads to a mosaic-like network structure. As a result, as now shown, the magnetoresistance of bilayer graphene depends linearly, rather than quadratically, on the external magnetic field.

    • Ferdinand Kisslinger
    • , Christian Ott
    •  & Heiko B. Weber

  • Article |

    The relaxation processes of light-emitting excited ions are tunable, but electrical control is challenging. It is now shown that graphene can be used to manipulate the optical emission and relaxation of erbium near-infrared emitters electrically.

    • K. J. Tielrooij
    • , L. Orona
    •  & F. H. L. Koppens

  • News & Views |

    Transferring electrons from the ground state to an excited state by optical pumping usually increases the population of the upper state. But for graphene in an external magnetic field, the pumped state actually gets depleted.

    • Isabella Gierz

  • News & Views |

    Graphene is a candidate spintronics material, but its weak intrinsic spin–orbit coupling is problematic. Intercalating graphene on an iridium substrate with islands of lead is now shown to induce a strong, spatially varying spin–orbit coupling.

    • Marko Kralj

  • Letter |

    Defects are often introduced to increase the stiffness of three-dimensional materials. Evidence now suggests that the elastic modulus of two-dimensional graphene sheets can also be increased by controlled defect creation.

    • Guillermo López-Polín
    • , Cristina Gómez-Navarro
    •  & Julio Gómez-Herrero

  • Article |

    Landau levels in graphene are not equidistant so that transitions between them can be individually probed. Time-resolved optical pumping experiments reveal strong electron–electron scattering resulting in an Auger-depleted zeroth order Landau level.

    • Martin Mittendorff
    • , Florian Wendler
    •  & Stephan Winnerl

  • Article |

    Spin relaxation in graphene is much faster than theoretically expected. Now, a scenario based on a mixing of spin and pseudospin degrees of freedom and defect-induced spatial spin–orbit coupling variations predicts longer spin relaxation times.

    • Dinh Van Tuan
    • , Frank Ortmann
    •  & Stephan Roche

  • Article |

    Graphene on boron nitride gives rise to a moiré superlattice displaying the Hofstadter butterfly: a fractal dependence of energy bands on external magnetic fields. Now, by means of capacitance spectroscopy, further aspects of this system are revealed—most notably, suppression of quantum Hall antiferromagnetism at particular commensurate magnetic fluxes.

    • G. L. Yu
    • , R. V. Gorbachev
    •  & A. Mishchenko

  • Article |

    A single layer of graphene on top of a hexagonal boron-nitride sheet can stretch to form a commensurate structure, or not — depending on the rotation angle between the two layers. In the case of commensurability, strain gets concentrated in domain walls, resulting in soliton-like structures.

    • C. R. Woods
    • , L. Britnell
    •  & K. S. Novoselov

  • Article |

    When superconducting discs are deposited on graphene they induce local superconducting islands. The phase coupling between the islands can be controlled by a gate. Quantum phase fluctuations kill the superconductivity and lead to a metallic state, however, at higher magnetic fields superconductivity can return.

    • Zheng Han
    • , Adrien Allain
    •  & Vincent Bouchiat

  • News & Views |

    A recent experiment shows that graphene nanoribbons can be grown to be perfect conductors where electrons travel long distances without coming across a single obstacle.

    • Juan José Palacios

  • News & Views |

    Through carefully controlled deposition of graphene on hexagonal boron nitride, an experimental system is created with which to probe the quantum physics of electrons in two dimensions — allowing experimental access to the elusive 'Hofstadter butterfly'.

    • Dieter Weiss

  • News & Views |

    Would you ever guess that a microscopic flake of graphite could reverse the diffraction of light? An experiment that demonstrates just such an effect highlights the exciting optical applications of graphene — an atomic layer of carbon with a two-dimensional honeycomb lattice.

    • Yaroslav Urzhumov
    • , Cristian Ciracì
    •  & David R. Smith

  • News & Views |

    Small metal-free organic molecules on an epitaxial graphene monolayer are shown to receive a local magnetic moment from the substrate. This magnetic moment survives when many molecules combine to form a layer, with some indication of long-range ferromagnetic order.

    • Friedrich Reinert

  • Article |

    Despite its impressive mechanical and electronic properties, graphene’s magnetic characteristics are poor. However, adsorbed organic molecules can give the material magnetic functionality, and the magnetic moment remains when the molecules combine to form dimers or even a continuous monolayer.

    • Manuela Garnica
    • , Daniele Stradi
    •  & Rodolfo Miranda

  • Letter |

    Graphene may be set to revolutionize electronics, but its small spin–orbit coupling limits its potential in spintronics. It is now shown, however, that adding hydrogen atoms can greatly enhance the magnetic properties of graphene. This then enabled the observation of the spin Hall effect, essential for controlling spin currents.

    • Jayakumar Balakrishnan
    • , Gavin Kok Wai Koon
    •  & Barbaros Özyilmaz

  • News & Views |

    A quantum phase transition from an antiferromagnetic to a ferromagnetic state suggests that bilayer graphene can exhibit properties analogous to those seen in topological insulators.

    • Chun Ning (Jeanie) Lau

  • Article |

    The efficiency of carrier–carrier scattering in graphene is now experimentally demonstrated. The dominance of this mechanism over phonon-related scattering means that a single high-energy photon could create two or more electron–hole pairs in graphene; an effect useful for optoelectronic applications.

    • K. J. Tielrooij
    • , J. C. W. Song
    •  & F. H. L. Koppens

  • Letter |

    Electrons can travel though very pure materials without scattering from defects. In this ballistic regime, magnetic fields can manipulate the electron trajectory. Such magnetic electron focusing is now observed in graphene. Although the effect has previously been seen in metals and semiconductors, it is evident in graphene at much higher temperatures—including room temperature.

    • Thiti Taychatanapat
    • , Kenji Watanabe
    •  & Pablo Jarillo-Herrero

  • Letter |

    A quantum phase transition from an antiferromagnetic to a ferromagnetic state is now measured in graphene bilayers. This observation supports the idea that bilayer graphene can sustain counter-propagating spin-polarized edge modes in analogy to the quantum spin Hall effect seen in topological insulators.

    • P. Maher
    • , C. R. Dean
    •  & P. Kim

  • Article |

    A time-dependent study of the effective temperature of carriers in impurity-free graphene now indicates that a disorder-assisted mechanism is responsible for cooling hot electrons. Observation of this so-called supercollision contradicts the idea that electron–phonon interactions dominate cooling.

    • Matt W. Graham
    • , Su-Fei Shi
    •  & Paul L. McEuen

  • Article |

    Charge transport is usually limited by collisions between the carriers, impurities and/or phonons. Collisions involving three bodies are generally much rarer. A study now reveals, however, that such supercollisions can play an important role in the properties of graphene.

    • A. C. Betz
    • , S. H. Jhang
    •  & B. Plaçais

  • News & Views |

    An investigation of Coulomb drag in graphene integrated into a stacked heterostructure unveils unexpected electron–hole symmetry-breaking in two-dimensional electronic crystals.

    • Vincent Bouchiat

  • Article |

    Two closely spaced two-dimensional systems can remain strongly coupled by electron–electron interactions even though they cannot physically exchange particles. Coulomb drag is a manifestation of this interaction—in which an electric current passed through one layer causes frictional charge flow in the other—now experimentally observed in bilayer graphene

    • R. V. Gorbachev
    • , A. K. Geim
    •  & L. A. Ponomarenko

  • Letter |

    It is known that graphene exhibits natural ripples with characteristic lengths of around 10 nm. But when it is stretched across nanometre-scale trenches that form in a reconstructed copper surface, it develops even tighter corrugations that cannot be explained by continuum theory.

    • Levente Tapasztó
    • , Traian Dumitrică
    •  & László P. Biró

  • News & Views |

    Graphene could offer an efficient and controllable interface between nanoscale optics and electronics, and promises a new generation of optoelectronic devices.

    • Stefan A. Maier

  • Letter |

    In metals, the Coulomb potential of charged impurities is strongly screened, but in graphene, the potential charge of a few-atom cluster of cobalt can extend up to 10 nm. By measuring differences in the way electron-like and hole-like Dirac fermions are scattered from this potential, the intrinsic dielectric constant of graphene can be determined.

    • Yang Wang
    • , Victor W. Brar
    •  & Michael F. Crommie

  • Article |

    A demonstration of the ability to transmit spin currents over distances of more than one hundred micrometres with an efficiency of up to 75% in graphene grown epitaxially on silicon carbide improves the prospects of graphene-based spintronic devices.

    • Bruno Dlubak
    • , Marie-Blandine Martin
    •  & Albert Fert

  • Article |

    The extra states sometimes observed in graphene’s quantum Hall characteristics have been presumed to be the result of broken SU(4) symmetry. Magnetotransport measurements of high-quality graphene in a tilted magnetic field finally prove this is indeed the case.

    • A. F. Young
    • , C. R. Dean
    •  & P. Kim

  • Letter |

    It is well known that graphene deposited on hexagonal boron nitride produces moiré patterns in scanning tunnelling microscopy images. The interaction that produces this pattern also produces a commensurate periodic potential that generates a set of Dirac points that are different from those of the graphene lattice itself.

    • Matthew Yankowitz
    • , Jiamin Xue
    •  & Brian J. LeRoy

  • Letter |

    The degree to which an electrical current is spin polarized is usually determined by how easily it travels across an interface with a magnetic contact. By using nonlinear interactions between spin and charge in graphene, the polarization of spin currents can be measured without magnetic contacts.

    • Ivan J. Vera-Marun
    • , Vishal Ranjan
    •  & Bart J. van Wees

  • News & Views |

    Graphene exhibits many extraordinary properties, but superconductivity isn't one of them. Two theoretical studies suggest that by decorating the surface of graphene with the right species of dopant atoms, or by using ionic liquid gating, superconductivity could yet be induced.

    • Oskar Vafek

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