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| Open AccessHybrid whale optimization algorithm for enhanced routing of limited capacity vehicles in supply chain management
- Vu Hong Son Pham
- , Van Nam Nguyen
- & Nghiep Trinh Nguyen Dang
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| Open AccessComparative analysis of reconstructed ancestral proteins with their extant counterparts suggests primitive life had an alkaline habitat
- Takayuki Fujikawa
- , Takahiro Sasamoto
- & Satoshi Akanuma
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| Open AccessExploring the costs of phenotypic plasticity for evolvable digital organisms
- Karine Miras
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| Open AccessThe impact of food availability on tumorigenesis is evolutionarily conserved
- Sophie Tissot
- , Lena Guimard
- & Frédéric Thomas
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| Open AccessFungicides modify pest insect fitness depending on their genotype and population
- Aigi Margus
- , Shahed Saifullah
- & Leena Lindström
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| Open AccessSlow and population specific evolutionary response to a warming environment
- Marta A. Santos
- , Marta A. Antunes
- & Pedro Simões
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| Open AccessSub-inhibitory gentamicin pollution induces gentamicin resistance gene integration in class 1 integrons in the environment
- Concepcion Sanchez-Cid
- , Timothy M. Ghaly
- & Timothy M. Vogel
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| Open AccessMale cooperation improves their own and kin-group productivity in a group-foraging spider
- Bharat Parthasarathy
- , Marlis Dumke
- & Jutta M. Schneider
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| Open AccessFrames of reference in small-scale spatial tasks in wild bumblebees
- Gema Martin-Ordas
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| Open AccessRapid evolution of a novel protective symbiont into keystone taxon in Caenorhabditis elegans microbiota
- Alejandra Wu-Chuang
- , Kieran A. Bates
- & Alejandro Cabezas-Cruz
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| Open AccessEvolution of an increased performance under acute challenge does not exacerbate vulnerability to chronic stress
- Małgorzata M. Lipowska
- , Edyta T. Sadowska
- & Paweł Koteja
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| Open AccessCompetition alters species’ plastic and genetic response to environmental change
- Lynn Govaert
- , Luis J. Gilarranz
- & Florian Altermatt
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| Open AccessAnt nest architecture is shaped by local adaptation and plastic response to temperature
- Madison Sankovitz
- & Jessica Purcell
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| Open AccessCrossing design shapes patterns of genetic variation in synthetic recombinant populations of Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- Mark A. Phillips
- , Ian C. Kutch
- & Molly K. Burke
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| Open AccessExperimental evolution supports the potential of neonicotinoid-pyrethroid combination for managing insecticide resistance in malaria vectors
- Marius Gonse Zoh
- , Jean-Marc Bonneville
- & Jean-Philippe David
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| Open AccessPacBio sequencing output increased through uniform and directional fivefold concatenation
- Nisha Kanwar
- , Celia Blanco
- & Burckhard Seelig
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| Open AccessFitness consequences of biochemical adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster populations under simultaneous selection for faster pre-adult development and extended lifespan
- Khushboo Sharma
- & Mallikarjun N. Shakarad
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| Open AccessAn in vivo selection system with tightly regulated gene expression enables directed evolution of highly efficient enzymes
- Parinthon Nearmnala
- , Manutsawee Thanaburakorn
- & Narupat Hongdilokkul
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| Open AccessDirected evolution for high functional production and stability of a challenging G protein-coupled receptor
- Yann Waltenspühl
- , Jeliazko R. Jeliazkov
- & Andreas Plückthun
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| Open AccessIncreased RNA virus population diversity improves adaptability
- Florian Mattenberger
- , Marina Vila-Nistal
- & Ron Geller
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| Open AccessExtensions of the SEIR model for the analysis of tailored social distancing and tracing approaches to cope with COVID-19
- Veronika Grimm
- , Friederike Mengel
- & Martin Schmidt
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| Open AccessExperimental tests of bivalve shell shape reveal potential tradeoffs between mechanical and behavioral defenses
- Erynn H. Johnson
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| Open AccessRampant loss of social traits during domestication of a Bacillus subtilis natural isolate
- Hugo C. Barreto
- , Tiago N. Cordeiro
- & Isabel Gordo
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| Open AccessExperimental adaptation of dengue virus 1 to Aedes albopictus mosquitoes by in vivo selection
- Rachel Bellone
- , Sebastian Lequime
- & Anna-Bella Failloux
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| Open AccessPorcine circovirus 2 (PCV2) population study in experimentally infected pigs developing PCV2-systemic disease or a subclinical infection
- Florencia Correa-Fiz
- , Giovanni Franzo
- & Joaquim Segalés
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| Open AccessEvolutionary dynamics of Tomato spotted wilt virus within and between alternate plant hosts and thrips
- Casey L. Ruark-Seward
- , Brian Bonville
- & David A. Rasmussen
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| Open AccessSexual reproduction and genetic polymorphism within the cosmopolitan marine diatom Pseudo-nitzschia pungens
- Jin Ho Kim
- , Penelope Ajani
- & Bum Soo Park
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| Open AccessExploring the fitness benefits of genome reduction in Escherichia coli by a selection-driven approach
- Viktor Vernyik
- , Ildikó Karcagi
- & György Pósfai
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| Open AccessProtective effect of Polygonatum sibiricum Polysaccharide on D-galactose-induced aging rats model
- Shaoyan Zheng
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| Open AccessDomestication leads to increased predation susceptibility
- Monica F. Solberg
- , Grethe Robertsen
- & Kevin A. Glover
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| Open AccessLabour sharing promotes coexistence in atrazine degrading bacterial communities
- Loren Billet
- , Marion Devers
- & Aymé Spor
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| Open AccessSmall vertebrates running on uneven terrain: a biomechanical study of two differently specialised lacertid lizards
- François Druelle
- , Jana Goyens
- & Peter Aerts
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| Open AccessReducing the ionizing radiation background does not significantly affect the evolution of Escherichia coli populations over 500 generations
- Nathanael Lampe
- , Pierre Marin
- & Vincent Breton
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| Open AccessIn vitro evolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa AA2 biofilms in the presence of cystic fibrosis lung microbiome members
- Eva Vandeplassche
- , Andrea Sass
- & Aurélie Crabbé
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| Open AccessRapid evolutionary responses to insecticide resistance management interventions by the German cockroach (Blattella germanica L.)
- Mahsa Fardisi
- , Ameya D. Gondhalekar
- & Michael E. Scharf
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| Open AccessIn vitro evolution of enhanced RNA replicons for immunotherapy
- Yingzhong Li
- , Brian Teague
- & Ron Weiss
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| Open AccessHybridization speeds adaptive evolution in an eight-year field experiment
- Nora Mitchell
- , Gregory L. Owens
- & Kenneth D. Whitney
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| Open AccessDe novo origins of multicellularity in response to predation
- Matthew D. Herron
- , Joshua M. Borin
- & William C. Ratcliff
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| Open AccessContinuous culture of Escherichia coli, under selective pressure by a novel antimicrobial complex, does not result in development of resistance
- Lilit Tonoyan
- , Gerard T. A. Fleming
- & Vincent O’Flaherty
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| Open AccessEpigenetic mechanisms mediate the experimental evolution of resistance against parasitic fungi in the greater wax moth Galleria mellonella
- Krishnendu Mukherjee
- , Ivan Dubovskiy
- & Andreas Vilcinskas
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| Open AccessStructure and functions of the ventral tube of the clover springtail Sminthurus viridis (Collembola: Sminthuridae)
- Chong-Guang Chen
- , Tong Chen
- & Tao-Ruan Wan
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| Open AccessChinese lantern in Physalis is an advantageous morphological novelty and improves plant fitness
- Jing Li
- , Chunjing Song
- & Chaoying He
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| Open AccessWinged forelimbs of the small theropod dinosaur Caudipteryx could have generated small aerodynamic forces during rapid terrestrial locomotion
- Yaser Saffar Talori
- , Yun-Fei Liu
- & Zhi-Heng Li
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| Open AccessAccess to high-impact mutations constrains the evolution of antibiotic resistance in soft agar
- Nour Ghaddar
- , Mona Hashemidahaj
- & Brandon L. Findlay
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| Open AccessRapid adaptation in phoretic mite development time
- Petra Schedwill
- , Adrian M. Geiler
- & Volker Nehring
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| Open AccessEvolution of Chikungunya virus in mosquito cells
- Souand Mohamed Ali
- , Abdennour Amroun
- & Antoine Nougairède
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| Open AccessGenomics of experimental adaptation of Staphylococcus aureus to a natural combination of insect antimicrobial peptides
- Olga Makarova
- , Paul Johnston
- & Jens Rolff
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| Open AccessCloning of Wing-Development-Related Genes and mRNA Expression Under Heat Stress in Chlorpyrifos-Resistant and -Susceptible Plutella xylostella
- Xue Zhun Chen
- , Qi Xing Hu
- & Gang Wu