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Review Article |
Chiral materials and mechanisms for circularly polarized light-emitting diodes
Chiral materials and related mechanisms are reviewed, with a focus on applications for circularly polarized light-emitting diodes.
- Francesco Furlan
- , Juan Manuel Moreno-Naranjo
- & Matthew J. Fuchter
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Article
| Open Access
Single-protein optical holography
Holographic microscopy with independent control of the signal and reference fields enables the holographic imaging of a single protein with mass below 100 kDa and estimation of their polarizability.
- Jan Christoph Thiele
- , Emanuel Pfitzner
- & Philipp Kukura
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Article
| Open Access
Key requirements for ultraefficient sensitization in hyperfluorescence organic light-emitting diodes
Moderately efficient TADF emitters can play the role of surprisingly good sensitizers in hyperfluorescent blue organic light-emitting diodes.
- Kleitos Stavrou
- , Larissa G. Franca
- & Andrew P. Monkman
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Article |
Enhancing the efficiency and stability of blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters by perdeuteration
Molecular perdeuteration of thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters improves the performance of blue organic light-emitting diodes, enabling a peak external quantum efficiency of 33.1% and a device lifetime to reach 80% of initial luminance of over 1,300 h.
- Tianyu Huang
- , Qi Wang
- & Lian Duan
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Article
| Open Access
Bright and stable near-infrared lead-free perovskite light-emitting diodes
Controlling the intrinsic doping of lead-free perovskites enables near-infrared LEDs emitting at 948 nm with a peak radiance of 226 W sr–1 m–2 and a half-lifetime of 39.5 h.
- Fanglong Yuan
- , Giulia Folpini
- & Feng Gao
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Article |
Improved fatigue behaviour of perovskite solar cells with an interfacial starch–polyiodide buffer layer
Introduction of a starch-based layer inhibits ion migration and repairs defects generated on light/dark cycles in perovskite solar cells. Cells retain 98.0% of the initial power conversion efficiency after 42 illumination cycles, and achieve a certified power conversion efficiency of 23.9%.
- Yu Zhang
- , Qizhen Song
- & Huanping Zhou
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News & Views |
New nonlinear opportunities in the ultraviolet
A nonlinear optical crystal permits harmonic generation of coherent radiation deep into the ultraviolet, reaching below 200 nm.
- P. Shiv Halasyamani
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Article |
Engineering the buried interface in perovskite solar cells via lattice-matched electron transport layer
Employing a lattice-matched perovskite oxide as an electron transport layer allows optimizing the buried interface in perovskite solar cells. A maximum power conversion efficiency of 25.17% is achieved. Cells with an initial power conversion efficiency of 24.4% maintain 90% efficiency after operation for 1,000 h.
- Chao Luo
- , Guanhaojie Zheng
- & Qing Zhao
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Article |
Bond-selective fluorescence imaging with single-molecule sensitivity
Two-photon excitation with mid- and near-infrared pulses encodes bond selectivity in fluorescence imaging. Single-molecule imaging and spectroscopy is demonstrated on individual fluorophores as well as various labelled biological targets.
- Haomin Wang
- , Dongkwan Lee
- & Lu Wei
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Article |
Achieving the full-wavelength phase-matching for efficient nonlinear optical frequency conversion in C(NH2)3BF4
A new nonlinear optical crystal offers efficient harmonic generation in the ultraviolet and deep-ultraviolet regions.
- Miriding Mutailipu
- , Jian Han
- & Shilie Pan
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Letter
| Open Access
Sensitive near-infrared circularly polarized light detection via non-fullerene acceptor blends
Non-fullerene acceptors open the way to sensitive organic photodetectors for detecting circularly polarized near-infrared light.
- Li Wan
- , Rui Zhang
- & Feng Gao
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Article
| Open Access
Efficient radioactive gas detection by scintillating porous metal–organic frameworks
Detection of gas radionuclides is limited in sensitivity with present methods, but may be useful in energy, security, medical and other sectors. In this work, gas-concentrating porous scintillating metal–organic frameworks are demonstrated for gas radionuclide detection.
- Matteo Orfano
- , Jacopo Perego
- & Angelo Monguzzi
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Article
| Open Access
Brilliant whiteness in shrimp from ultra-thin layers of birefringent nanospheres
The strong birefringence of liquid crystalline nanospheres in the body of the Pacific cleaner shrimp enables brilliant whiteness by overcoming undesirable optical crowding effects.
- Tali Lemcoff
- , Lotem Alus
- & Benjamin A. Palmer
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Article |
High-yield growth of FACsPbBr3 single crystals with low defect density from mixed solvents for gamma-ray spectroscopy
Centimetre-sized formamidinium-caesium lead bromide (FACsPbBr3) single crystals were grown at high yield from low-purity precursors. High (84%) charge collection efficiency and energy resolution (2.9% for 662 keV 137Cs) for γ-rays were demonstrated.
- Liang Zhao
- , Ying Zhou
- & Jinsong Huang
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Article |
Near-infrared photon upconversion and solar synthesis using lead-free nanocrystals
Researchers use zinc-doped CuInSe2 nanocrystals as an alternative to lead chalcogenides for near-infrared upconversion. Upconversion to yellow with an external quantum efficiency reaching 16.7% is achieved, which can also be merged with photoredox catalysis for rapid solar synthesis.
- Wenfei Liang
- , Chengming Nie
- & Kaifeng Wu
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Article |
Perovskite solar cells based on spiro-OMeTAD stabilized with an alkylthiol additive
The addition of DDT to the spiro-OMeTAD hole transport material enhances the stability of perovskite solar cells to humidity, heat and illumination stress. Fabricated devices exhibit a champion certified power conversion efficiency of 23.1%. Also, the devices could retain 90% of the initial efficiency after 1,000 h of continuous illumination, 97% under moisture stress for 530 h and 91% under 144 h of heat stress.
- Xu Liu
- , Bolin Zheng
- & Martin Green
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Article |
Six-dimensional single-molecule imaging with isotropic resolution using a multi-view reflector microscope
A multi-view reflector microscope based on polarization modulation and pupil splitting enables single-molecule orientation-localization microscopy with precisions of 10.9 nm and 2.0°.
- Oumeng Zhang
- , Zijian Guo
- & Matthew D. Lew
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Article |
Heavy-atom engineering of thermally activated delayed fluorophores for high-performance X-ray imaging scintillators
Heavy atoms like Cl, Br and I introduced into thermally activated delayed fluorescence chromophores can increase the X-ray absorption cross-section. Light yield of ~20,000 photons MeV–1, detection limit of 45.5 nGy s−1 and imaging resolution of >18.0 line pairs per millimetre is demonstrated.
- Jian-Xin Wang
- , Luis Gutiérrez-Arzaluz
- & Omar F. Mohammed
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Article |
Light-sheet 3D microprinting via two-colour two-step absorption
High-speed, high-resolution optics-based printing typically requires femtosecond pulsed lasers. We demonstrate optical printing using indigo-blue laser diodes and a red continuous-wave laser, achieving a peak printing rate of 7 × 106 voxels s–1 at a voxel volume of 0.55 µm3.
- Vincent Hahn
- , Pascal Rietz
- & Martin Wegener
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Article |
Polyatomic molecules with emission quantum yields >20% enable efficient organic light-emitting diodes in the NIR(II) window
A new series of self-assembled Pt(II) complexes with high emission quantum yields enables OLEDs with a maximum emission wavelength of 995 nm and an external quantum efficiency of 4.3%.
- Sheng-Fu Wang
- , Bo-Kang Su
- & Pi-Tai Chou
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Article |
Ultrastable near-infrared perovskite light-emitting diodes
Near-infrared perovskite light-emitting diodes with extrapolated device lifespans on the scale of years are achieved by the use of a dipolar molecular stabilizer.
- Bingbing Guo
- , Runchen Lai
- & Dawei Di
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Article |
Hard X-ray helical dichroism of disordered molecular media
Linearly polarized orbital angular momentum-carrying hard X-ray beams are induced using spiral Fresnel zone plates. By sending the hard X-ray beams to disordered enantiopure molecular complexes, the helicity-dependent and chiral-sensitive signal is obtained.
- Jérémy R. Rouxel
- , Benedikt Rösner
- & Majed Chergui
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News & Views |
Chiral quantum optics goes electric
The local polarization of light in nanophotonic waveguides changes with the light’s direction of propagation. By electrically controlling the polarization of optically created waveguide-coupled excitons in a two-dimensional semiconductor, researchers demonstrate voltage-controlled routing of photons in an integrated nanophotonic device.
- Arno Rauschenbeutel
- & Philipp Schneeweiss
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Article |
Digital photoprogramming of liquid-crystal superstructures featuring intrinsic chiral photoswitches
Chiral liquid-crystal materials with optical properties that can be tuned, erased and reversed offer new opportunities in labelling, displays and anti-counterfeiting.
- Zhigang Zheng
- , Honglong Hu
- & Ben L. Feringa
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Article |
Large-area perovskite solar cells employing spiro-Naph hole transport material
The use of a new hole transport material called spiro-Naph allows the realization of efficient large-area perovskite solar cells.
- Mingyu Jeong
- , In Woo Choi
- & Changduk Yang
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Article |
Two-step absorption instead of two-photon absorption in 3D nanoprinting
As an alternative to high-resolution fabrication by two-photon absorption, researchers demonstrate a two-step absorption process that employs inexpensive light sources.
- Vincent Hahn
- , Tobias Messer
- & Martin Wegener
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Letter |
Efficient solid-state photon upconversion enabled by triplet formation at an organic semiconductor interface
Highly efficient upconversion of light by organic semiconductor heterojunction interfaces is demonstrated. This process is enabled by charge separation- and recombination-mediated charge transfer states at the interface.
- Seiichiro Izawa
- & Masahiro Hiramoto
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Article |
Suppression of temperature quenching in perovskite nanocrystals for efficient and thermally stable light-emitting diodes
Fluoride-treated CsPbBr3 nanocrystals emit light with near unity efficiency at temperatures of up to 373 K.
- Mingming Liu
- , Qun Wan
- & Liang Li
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Letter |
Stable pure-blue hyperfluorescence organic light-emitting diodes with high-efficiency and narrow emission
Pure-blue organic LEDs with narrow emission and improved stability show promise for display applications.
- Chin-Yiu Chan
- , Masaki Tanaka
- & Chihaya Adachi
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Article |
Efficient and stable organic light-emitting devices employing phosphorescent molecular aggregates
A tetradentate Pd(ii) complex with near unity photoluminescent quantum yield is the basis of bright, long-lifetime organic LEDs.
- Linyu Cao
- , Kody Klimes
- & Jian Li
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Article |
NIR II-responsive photon upconversion through energy migration in an ytterbium sublattice
An ytterbium sublattice in an erbium-sensitized multilayer core–shell structure enables photon upconversion from lanthanide ions under 1,530 nm irradiation.
- Bo Zhou
- , Long Yan
- & Qinyuan Zhang
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News & Views |
Sub-molecular photoluminescence
Photoluminescence spectroscopy using atomic-scale light reveals an optical transition of a single molecule at sub-nanometre resolution.
- Takashi Kumagai
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News & Views |
Molecular designs offer fast exciton conversion
Two independent studies report new organic compounds that offer record rates of reverse intersystem crossing between triplet and singlet excited states. The result is sky-blue organic light-emitting diodes with improved efficiency, stability and reduced efficiency roll-off.
- Eli Zysman-Colman
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Article |
Sub-nanometre resolution in single-molecule photoluminescence imaging
Through the use of a plasmon-active atomically sharp tip and an ultrathin insulating film, and precise junction control in a highly confined nanocavity plasmon field at the scanning tunnelling microscope junction, sub-nanometre-resolved single-molecule near-field photoluminescence imaging with a spatial resolution down to ∼8 Å is achieved.
- Ben Yang
- , Gong Chen
- & J. G. Hou
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Article |
Fast spin-flip enables efficient and stable organic electroluminescence from charge-transfer states
An organic molecule, 5Cz-TRZ, with multiple donor units supports fast reverse intersystem crossing, allowing fabrication of high-performance organic light-emitting diodes.
- Lin-Song Cui
- , Alexander J. Gillett
- & Richard H. Friend
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Article |
Organic light emitters exhibiting very fast reverse intersystem crossing
An organic molecule, TpAT-tFFO, which is designed to support rapid reverse intersystem crossing allows the fabrication of efficient organic light-emitting diodes.
- Yoshimasa Wada
- , Hiromichi Nakagawa
- & Hironori Kaji
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Article |
Overcoming the energy gap law in near-infrared OLEDs by exciton–vibration decoupling
Pt(ii) complexes allow the fabrication of efficient near-infrared organic light-emitting diodes that operate beyond the 900 nm region.
- Yu-Chen Wei
- , Sheng Fu Wang
- & Pi-Tai Chou
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Letter |
Light-induced magnetism in plasmonic gold nanoparticles
Optically induced magnetization is experimentally demonstrated using gold nanoparticles. The inverse-Faraday-effect-enabled magnetization may lead to new types of compact optical isolator.
- Oscar Hsu-Cheng Cheng
- , Dong Hee Son
- & Matthew Sheldon
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Comment |
Best practices for measuring emerging light-emitting diode technologies
The arrival of light-emitting diodes based on new materials is posing challenges for the characterization and comparison of devices in a trusted and consistent manner. Here we provide some advice and guidelines that we hope will benefit the community.
- Miguel Anaya
- , Barry P. Rand
- & Samuel D. Stranks
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Article |
Photodoping through local charge carrier accumulation in alloyed hybrid perovskites for highly efficient luminescence
Localized photodoping in mixed-cation perovskites is shown to modify charge-carrier recombination and thus offer a route for more efficient light emission.
- Sascha Feldmann
- , Stuart Macpherson
- & Felix Deschler
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Letter |
Narrowband deep-blue organic light-emitting diode featuring an organoboron-based emitter
A blue emitter based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence is narrowband and efficient.
- Yasuhiro Kondo
- , Kazuki Yoshiura
- & Takuji Hatakeyama
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Article |
Controlling competing photochemical reactions stabilizes perovskite solar cells
The photo-instability of perovskite solar cells is investigated and controlled by the use of a passivation strategy.
- Silvia G. Motti
- , Daniele Meggiolaro
- & Annamaria Petrozza
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Article |
Highly efficient blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters based on symmetrical and rigid oxygen-bridged boron acceptors
The discovery of two deep-blue organic emitters of light could aid the development of next-generation organic light-emitting devices.
- Dae Hyun Ahn
- , Si Woo Kim
- & Jang Hyuk Kwon
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Letter |
Stimulated Raman excited fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging
A hybrid technique of stimulated Raman excited fluorescence that integrates superb detection sensitivity and fine chemical specificity is demonstrated, offering all-far-field single-molecule Raman spectroscopy and imaging without plasmonic enhancement.
- Hanqing Xiong
- , Lixue Shi
- & Wei Min
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Letter |
Ultrasensitive hyperspectral imaging and biodetection enabled by dielectric metasurfaces
Spatially resolved spectra from millions of pixels and information extraction from three molecules per μm2 is now possible using dielectric metasurfaces.
- Filiz Yesilkoy
- , Eduardo R. Arvelo
- & Hatice Altug
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Article |
Strategies towards rational design of gold(iii) complexes for high-performance organic light-emitting devices
Cyclometalated gold(iii) complexes are shown to offer tunable emission colours spanning from sky-blue to red and enable the fabrication of phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices with high external quantum efficiency and long lifetimes.
- Lok-Kwan Li
- , Man-Chung Tang
- & Vivian Wing-Wah Yam
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Letter |
Coherent injection locking of quantum cascade laser frequency combs
Quantum cascade laser frequency combs are coherently locked to an external radio-frequency source even in extremely high-feedback conditions. The internal phase-locking mechanism and the possibility of all-electric stabilization are investigated.
- Johannes Hillbrand
- , Aaron Maxwell Andrews
- & Benedikt Schwarz
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Article |
High-efficiency perovskite–polymer bulk heterostructure light-emitting diodes
Near-infrared perovskite–polymer light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with external quantum efficiencies of up to 20.1% are reported.
- Baodan Zhao
- , Sai Bai
- & Dawei Di
Electrochemically controlled blinking of fluorophores for quantitative STORM imaging
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