Cardiology articles within Nature Reviews Cardiology

Featured

  • Research Highlight |

    Data from the phase IIb MUIR and ARCHES-2 trials show that RNA interference approaches that target either apolipoprotein C-III or ANGPTL3 significantly reduce plasma triglyceride levels in patients with mixed hyperlipidaemia.

    • Gregory B. Lim

  • Research Highlight |

    A study in Nature describes a single-cell-type strategy for vascular cell therapies that involves the artificial transplantation of mitochondria to endothelial cells, which promotes mitophagy and facilitates the formation of functional vessels in ischaemic tissue without the need for mesenchymal stromal cell support.

    • Karina Huynh

  • Research Highlight |

    Activation of the bile acid receptor TGR5 inhibits CD36-mediated fatty acid uptake in cardiomyocytes and protects against cardiac lipotoxicity and the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice, according to a new study.

    • Irene Fernández-Ruiz

  • Research Highlight |

    Treatment for periodontal disease might reduce the recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients undergoing ablation, suggesting that periodontitis is a modifiable risk factor for AF.

    • Gregory B. Lim

  • Review Article |

    In this Review, the authors discuss the receptors, ligands and interactors that regulate immune cell recruitment in atherosclerosis, describe mechanisms that promote the resolution of inflammation in atherosclerotic lesions, and highlight potential strategies to target these pathways for the treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

    • Yvonne Döring
    • , Emiel P. C. van der Vorst
    •  & Christian Weber

  • Research Highlight |

    Data from the DanGer Shock trial demonstrate that implantation of a microaxial flow pump in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock increases the survival rate compared with standard care alone.

    • Jennifer Harman

  • Comment |

    The under-representation of women in cardiovascular clinical trials persists across participant, clinician and research roles. This gap perpetuates health inequity and hampers the generation, translation and implementation of optimal evidence-based care. Urgent action is needed to address barriers, promote diversity, and ensure inclusive trial design and health-care delivery and dissemination, for more equitable cardiovascular health.

    • Julie Sanders
    • , Tim Clayton
    •  & Rochelle Wynne

  • Research Highlight |

    A new study identifies a group of gut bacteria that can metabolize cholesterol and are associated with lower plasma cholesterol levels.

    • Irene Fernández-Ruiz

  • Review Article |

    In this Review, van Leent and colleagues provide an overview of current PET imaging approaches for assessment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, as well as of whole-body PET applications; discuss the link between imaging readouts and atherosclerotic plaque pathology; and highlight promising developments in PET systems and radiotracer synthesis.

    • Alexander Maier
    • , Abraham J. P. Teunissen
    •  & Mandy M. T. van Leent

  • Review Article |

    In this Review, the authors address considerations for enteral antithrombotic therapy in patients with cardiovascular disease and gastrointestinal comorbidities, who often have an increased risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Approaches include tailoring of antithrombotic regimens and gastrointestinal-protection strategies.

    • Azita H. Talasaz
    • , Parham Sadeghipour
    •  & Behnood Bikdeli

  • Research Highlight |

    In patients with carotid artery disease, the presence of microplastics and nanoplastics in the carotid plaque is associated with an increased risk of death or major cardiovascular events compared with patients in whom microplastics and nanoplastics were not detected.

    • Karina Huynh

  • Tools of the Trade |

    In this Tools of the Trade article, Charrière describes the FluoStep FRET-based biosensor used for high-resolution imaging of cAMP nanodomains that are involved in intracellular signalling in cardiomyocytes.

    • Camille Charrière

  • Journal Club |

    Shoaran and Maffia recount how our understanding of the role of inflammation in atherosclerosis has evolved and highlight the study by Göran Hansson and colleagues that provided the first hint of the involvement of the adaptive immune response in atherosclerosis.

    • Mohsen Shoaran
    •  & Pasquale Maffia

  • Review Article |

    In this Review, Lam and colleagues evaluate the current literature on sex-related differences in treatment responses in patients with heart failure and highlight potential approaches for tailored therapies and the need for sex-specific evaluation of treatment efficacy and safety in future research.

    • Janice Y. Chyou
    • , Hailun Qin
    •  & Carolyn S. P. Lam

  • Journal Club |

    Rebecca Gilchrist discusses the study that demonstrated the long-term modulation of ventricular repolarization by the sequence of electrical activation in the human heart and established the concept of cardiac memory.

    • Rebecca J. Gilchrist

  • Research Highlight |

    Using a porcine model of cardiogenic shock, Lamberti and colleagues develop a clinically accessible, patient-validated metric to assess pulmonary vascular compliance that can predict tolerance to left-sided ventricular assist device support.

    • Karina Huynh

  • Research Highlight |

    A study shows that congenital heart defects in Down syndrome are in part caused by increased dosage of the DYRK1A gene, which lies on chromosome 21, leading to reduced proliferation and mitochondrial dysfunction in cardiomyocytes.

    • Irene Fernández-Ruiz

  • Review Article |

    In this Review, Varga and colleagues provide an overview of the evidence on immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced heart failure and cardiac dysfunction that is unrelated to myocarditis, and discuss how pharmacological targeting of immune checkpoints might be a potential strategy to treat heart failure.

    • Tamás G. Gergely
    • , Zsófia D. Drobni
    •  & Zoltán V. Varga

  • Clinical Outlook |

    Heart valve replacement in newborn babies remains an unsolved problem because currently used heart valve implants do not grow. This lack of implant growth mandates serial re-operations until adult-size valve implants can be fitted. Partial heart transplantation is a new approach to solve this problem by transplanting only the part of the heart that contains the necessary valve.

    • Taufiek K. Rajab
    • , Andrew D. Vogel
    •  & Joseph W. Turek

  • Research Highlight |

    Anti-inflammatory therapy involving IL-1β inhibition might reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in individuals with clonal haematopoiesis by increasing the number of fibroblast-like cells in the fibrous cap region of atherosclerotic plaques, thereby stabilizing the plaque and reducing the likelihood of rupture.

    • Gregory B. Lim

  • Review Article |

    In this Review, Guzik and colleagues discuss immune and inflammatory mechanisms of hypertension, including upstream regulators and downstream effectors as well as the complex interplay between the immune system, blood pressure regulation and end-organ damage, which can help to identify new targets for therapeutic interventions.

    • Tomasz J. Guzik
    • , Ryszard Nosalski
    •  & Grant R. Drummond

  • Review Article |

    Macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques can undergo apoptosis and several forms of regulated necrosis, including necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis. In this Review, De Meyer and colleagues describe the various forms of programmed macrophage death in atherosclerosis and the potential therapeutic implications.

    • Guido R. Y. De Meyer
    • , Michelle Zurek
    •  & Wim Martinet

  • Comment |

    Representation of Black patients in cardiovascular clinical trials remains dismally low, reflective of systemic and structural barriers, which can lead to missed opportunities to meet community-identified needs, understand responses to medical therapies and improve cardiovascular care. Innovative, multilevel strategies focused on Black communities are warranted to increase enrolment of this population into clinical research.

    • LaPrincess C. Brewer
    •  & Joshua J. Joseph

  • Comment |

    Mosaic loss of chromosome Y (mLOY) refers to the condition in male individuals in which a detectable fraction of cells lose the Y chromosome. Prevalent in haematopoietic cells, this common somatic mutation is associated with decreased longevity and an increased risk of age-related diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Haematopoietic mLOY provides further insight into the sex-specific disparities that exist in disease susceptibility.

    • Soichi Sano
    •  & Kenneth Walsh

  • Research Highlight |

    Gene therapy involving adenine base editing can correct a pathogenic variant in the Scn5a gene and alleviate arrhythmia phenotypes in a mouse model of long QT syndrome type 3.

    • Irene Fernández-Ruiz

  • Comment |

    Racial and ethnic disparities in cardiovascular health in the USA result in a persistent mortality gap between white and Black individuals, increase health-care costs and compromise an egalitarian society. Solutions to racial inequities require risk factor control and the implementation of evidence-based medicine and anti-racism policies. Overcoming these disparities is not only a practical necessity, but also a moral imperative.

    • Keith C. Ferdinand

  • Research Highlight |

    Aster proteins are involved in the non-vesicular transport of cholesterol derived from dietary lipids in the small intestine from the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum in enterocytes.

    • Jennifer Harman

  • Research Highlight |

    In the ORBITA-2 trial, percutaneous coronary intervention was associated with a lower angina symptom score compared with a placebo procedure in patients with stable angina who were receiving minimal or no antianginal medication.

    • Gregory B. Lim

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