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The incidence of obesity, a potential risk factor for prostate disease, is rising sharply in the western world, as is the incidence of prostate tumors. In this extended Viewpoint, Kulkarni and Getzenberg propose that the relationship between obesity and prostate disease might be mediated by the autotaxin–lysophosphatidic acid (ATX–LPA) axis.
The treatment of prostate cancer is rapidly changing, and a new consensus for management is required. In this article, Oliver and Neal consider data from studies of hormone therapy, surgery, radiotherapy and active surveillance, and they discuss which options might be suitable in which patients.
The incidence of bladder cancer increases with age, and the management of high-grade disease in the elderly is challenging and costly. In this Review by Taylor and Kuchel, the authors evaluate the clinical and mechanistic interactions between bladder cancer and aging, and suggest directions and priorities for future research.
Can a more businesslike approach help to resolve the current health-care crisis in the US? Casey and colleagues show how a continuous improvement system that transformed the Japanese automotive industry can lower overhead costs, maintain patient satisfaction, and improve health outcomes when applied to ambulatory care.
In this Review, Myers and McAninch discuss the presentation, assessment and treatment of posterior urethral disruption injuries. Their discussion focuses on the potential benefits of primary urethral realignment, and on the technique and outcomes of posterior urethroplasty.
In this Case Study, Henry and colleagues report on a 58-year-old man who was found to have a highly elevated serum PSA level, as a result of heterophilic antibody interference. The authors highlight that PSA test results should be interpreted in the context of a patient's clinical presentation to prevent potential overtreatment.
This article describes the case of a 17-year-old girl with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) and angiomyolipomas (AML), who presented with multiple bilateral renal masses—including a 6.0 cm mass—during routine follow-up. The case highlights the use of MRI for imaging, and nephron-sparing treatment for managing TSC-associated AML.
