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In this Viewpoint article by Dr Karl and colleagues, the authors discuss the benefits of fluorescence cystoscopy for the diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, which include reduced residual tumor rate and tumor recurrence rate, and enhanced detection of carcinomain situand multifocal tumors, when compared with white-light cystoscopy.
The availability of medical information has enabled many patients to become well informed about their disease, and thus active participants in their care. In this Review, Hellenthal and Ellison look at patient decision making as it pertains to the treatment of urologic disease. The authors demonstrate that patients consider adverse-effect profile, treatment invasiveness and treatment efficacy to be important treatment outcomes.
Bone metastases are common among patients with primary breast, lung or prostate cancers. However, diagnosis of bone metastases can be difficult and is dependent on radiological evidence. In this Review, Zohar Dotan assesses the various imaging modalities that might be suitable for diagnosing bone metastases in patients with prostate cancer.
Prostate cancer has a wide spectrum of biological aggressiveness, but characterization of prostate-cancer aggressiveness at the time of diagnosis can be difficult. Tumor vascularization positively correlates with disease progression and, therefore, markers of angiogenesis could be indicators of clinical outcomes. Circulating endothelial progenitors and circulating endothelial cells play an integral part in neovascularization, and in this Review the authors discuss the potential of these cells as prognostic indicators.
In patients with AIDS, urogenital tuberculosis presents both diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. In this Case Study, Figueiredo et al. present a 38-year-old man who was initially misdiagnosed as having a usual urinary tract infection. The authors use the patient to illustrate the unusual presentation and special treatment requirements of immunosuppressed patients with urogenital tuberculosis.
Polyarteritis nodosa is a rare systemic necrotizing vasculitis that requires urgent treatment. Asymptomatic scrotal involvement is relatively common, although symptomatic involvement is rarer. In this Case Study, Bush and colleagues highlight how urological evaluation including scrotal biopsy can enable rapid diagnosis of the disease and allow appropriate immunosuppressive therapy to be administered in a timely manner.
