A new study has advanced our knowledge on the pathogenesis of noncoeliac wheat sensitivity (NCWS), implicating the activation of innate immunity markers and immunological mechanisms at the basis of NCWS. However, limitations in the design of studies performed in this field will need addressing to help identify the root cause of NCWS.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$209.00 per year
only $17.42 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Uhde, M. et al. Intestinal cell damage and systemic immune activation in individuals reporting sensitivity to wheat in the absence of coeliac disease. Gut http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2016-311964 (2016).
Carroccio, A. et al. Non-celiac wheat sensitivity is a more appropriate label than non-celiac gluten sensitivity. Gastroenterology 146, 320–321 (2014).
Catassi, C. et al. Diagnosis of non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS): the Salerno experts' criteria. Nutrients 7, 4966–4977 (2015).
Biesiekierski, J. R. et al. No effects of gluten in patients with self-reported non-celiac gluten sensitivity after dietary reduction of fermentable, poorly absorbed, short-chain carbohydrates. Gastroenterology 145, 320–328 (2013).
McIntosh, K. et al. FODMAPs alter symptoms and the metabolome of patients with IBS: a randomised controlled trial. Gut http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2015-311339 (2016).
Fritscher-Ravens, A. et al. Confocal endomicroscopy shows food-associated changes in the intestinal mucosa of patients with irritable bowel syndrome. Gastroenterology 147, 1012–1020 (2014).
Vazquez–Roque, M. et al. A controlled trial of gluten-free diet in patients with irritable bowel syndrome-diarrhea: effects on bowel frequency and intestinal function. Gastroenterology 144, 903–911 (2013).
Carroccio, A. et al. Non-celiac wheat sensitivity as an allergic condition: personal experience and narrative review. Am. J. Gastroenterol. 108, 1845–1852 (2013).
Molina-Infante, J. & Carroccio, A. Suspected non-celiac gluten sensitivity confirmed in few patients after gluten challenge in double-blind, placebo-controlled trials. Clin. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2016.08.007 (2016).
Schuppan, D. et al. Non-celiac wheat sensitivity: differential diagnosis, triggers and implications. Best ract. Res. Clin. Gastroenterol. 29, 469–476 (2015).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The author declares no competing financial interests.
Supplementary information
Supplementary information S1 (table)
Studies demonstrating an activation of immunological mechanisms in patients with noncoeliac wheat sensitivity. (PDF 151 kb)
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Carroccio, A. Searching for the immunological basis of wheat sensitivity. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 13, 628–630 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2016.153
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2016.153