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The FDA recently approved a human papillomavirus preventive vaccine for cervical cancer, the second largest cause of cancer deaths in women. How will the introduction of this vaccine affect cervical cancer incidence and what are the outstanding issues?
Cysteine cathepsins are proteolytic enzymes whose expression is increased in both tumour and tumour-associated cells. What is known about the extracellular and intracellular functions of these enzymes in cancer?
Ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like proteins (Ubls) participate in many cellular processes, such as apoptosis and DNA repair. How can the deregulation of ubiquitin and Ubls lead to cancer formation, and how might ubiquitin and Ubl pathways be targeted by anticancer therapeutics?
Nuclear DNA topoisomerase I (TOP1) is an essential human enzyme, and is the only known target of the camptothecin and its derivatives. The mechanisms and molecular determinants of the tumour response to TOP1 inhibitors are reviewed in the context of developing camptothecin and non-camptothecin derivatives that further increase anti-tumour activity but also reduce side effects.
Most cancer patients who are treated with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs) develop dermatological toxicities owing to the important function of the EGFR signalling pathway in the skin. How do EGFRIs affect the skin and what treatments are needed to avoid these undesirable side effects?
The US National Cancer Institute (NCI) 60 human tumour cell line anticancer drug screen (NCI60) was developed nearly 20 years ago, and is a valuable source of information about anticancer drug leads and mechanisms of growth inhibition.