Wang, Liu and colleagues examined the pathways associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) resistance of BCR–ABL T315I-mutant chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) cells and found that the expression of genes associated with myeloid differentiation was reduced. Treating BCR–ABL-expressing CML cells with all-trans retinoic acid induced differentiation and prevented acquisition of the T315I mutation and TKI resistance.