For authors - p553

doi:10.1038/ni0609-553

Nature Publishing Group has established new responsibilities for authors and has introduced changes in reporting methodology.

Full Text - For authors | PDF (184 KB) - For authors

From IFN to TNF: a journey into realms of lore - pp555 - 557

Jan Vilcek

doi:10.1038/ni0609-555

Jan Vilcek relates how his work helped to identify some of the pleiotropic actions of tumor necrosis factor and contributed to the development of infliximab, the first medically useful tumor necrosis factor antagonist.

Full Text - From IFN to TNF: a journey into realms of lore | PDF (222 KB) - From IFN to TNF: a journey into realms of lore

Harvard's women four years later - pp559 - 561

Laurie H Glimcher & Judy Lieberman

doi:10.1038/ni0609-559

How have women fared at Harvard since the events of four years ago? Here, Judy Lieberman and Laurie Glimcher reflect on progress made and barriers still to be breached.

Full Text - Harvard's women four years later | PDF (278 KB) - Harvard's women four years later

Hybrid T_reg cells: steel frames and plastic exteriors - pp563 - 564

Michael J Barnes & Fiona Powrie

doi:10.1038/ni0609-563

Regulatory T cells have the remarkable ability to suppress immune responses driven by different types of effector T cells. Two recent studies, documenting important functions for T-bet and IRF4 in regulatory T cells, demonstrate that this ability requires the expression of transcription factors typically associated with effector T cell function.

Full Text - Hybrid Treg cells: steel frames and plastic exteriors | PDF (260 KB) - Hybrid Treg cells: steel frames and plastic exteriors

See also: Article by Koch et al.

T_reg cells meet their limit - pp565 - 566

Kristin A Hogquist & Amy E Moran

doi:10.1038/ni0609-565

T cell antigen receptor (TCR)-transgenic models have been enormously influential in studies of T cell development in the thymus, particularly in terms of positive and negative selection. New transgenic mice produced with TCR genes cloned from regulatory T cells show that TCR specificity does 'instruct' regulatory T cell fate, within limits.

Full Text - Treg cells meet their limit | PDF (166 KB) - Treg cells meet their limit

See also: Article by Bautista et al.

Antigen-processing and presentation pathways select antigenic HIV peptides in the fight against viral evolution - pp566 - 568

David H Margulies

doi:10.1038/ni0609-566

The evolution of immunodominant epitopes in HIV-1 Gag proteins correlates with quantitative measures of several antigen processing events. Thus, peptides recognized by CD8⁺ cytolytic T cells are selected by their ability to pass through the antigen processing pathway, as well as by their binding to HLA molecules.

Full Text - Antigen-processing and presentation pathways select antigenic HIV peptides in the fight against viral evolution | PDF (678 KB) - Antigen-processing and presentation pathways select antigenic HIV peptides in the fight against viral evolution

See also: Article by Tenzer et al.

IL-17A directly inhibits T_H1 cells and thereby suppresses development of intestinal inflammation - pp568 - 570

Amit Awasthi & Vijay K Kuchroo

doi:10.1038/ni0609-568

T helper type 1 cells (T_H1 cells) serve a dominant function in T cell–mediated colitis. New work reports that interleukin 17A, an effector cytokine required for the development of autoimmune tissue inflammation, directly inhibits T_H1 development by suppressing the expression of key T_H1-associated genes and therefore regulates T_H1 cell–mediated colitis.

Full Text - IL-17A directly inhibits TH1 cells and thereby suppresses development of intestinal inflammation | PDF (302 KB) - IL-17A directly inhibits TH1 cells and thereby suppresses development of intestinal inflammation

See also: Article by O'Connor Jr et al.

Research Highlights - p571

doi:10.1038/ni0609-571

Full Text - Research Highlights | PDF (115 KB) - Research Highlights

HIV-1 and influenza antibodies: seeing antigens in new ways - pp573 - 578

Peter D Kwong & Ian A Wilson

doi:10.1038/ni.1746

Abstract - | Full Text - HIV-1 and influenza antibodies: seeing antigens in new ways | PDF (946 KB) - HIV-1 and influenza antibodies: seeing antigens in new ways

TAG, a splice variant of the adaptor TRAM, negatively regulates the adaptor MyD88–independent TLR4 pathway - pp579 - 586

Eva M Palsson-McDermott, Sarah L Doyle, Anne F McGettrick, Matthew Hardy, Harald Husebye, Kathy Banahan, Mei Gong, Douglas Golenbock, Terje Espevik & Luke A J O'Neill

doi:10.1038/ni.1727

Toll-like receptor signaling must be carefully regulated to avoid excessive inflammation. O'Neill and colleagues identify a splice variant of the adaptor TRAM that negatively regulates MyD88-independent pathway activated by Toll-like receptor 4.

Abstract - | Full Text - TAG, a splice variant of the adaptor TRAM, negatively regulates the adaptor MyD88–independent TLR4 pathway | PDF (679 KB) - TAG, a splice variant of the adaptor TRAM, negatively regulates the adaptor MyD88–independent TLR4 pathway | Supplementary information

Bacterial recognition by TLR7 in the lysosomes of conventional dendritic cells - pp587 - 594

Giuseppe Mancuso, Maria Gambuzza, Angelina Midiri, Carmelo Biondo, Salvatore Papasergi, Shizuo Akira, Giuseppe Teti & Concetta Beninati

doi:10.1038/ni.1733

How and where bacterial recognition triggers the induction of type I interferon is unclear. Teti and colleagues show that phagosomal bacteria trigger Toll-like receptor 7–dependent interferon production in lysosomes of conventional dendritic cells.

Abstract - | Full Text - Bacterial recognition by TLR7 in the lysosomes of conventional dendritic cells | PDF (810 KB) - Bacterial recognition by TLR7 in the lysosomes of conventional dendritic cells | Supplementary information

The transcription factor T-bet controls regulatory T cell homeostasis and function during type 1 inflammation - pp595 - 602

Meghan A Koch, Glady's Tucker-Heard, Nikole R Perdue, Justin R Killebrew, Kevin B Urdahl & Daniel J Campbell

doi:10.1038/ni.1731

Several subsets of Foxp3⁺ regulatory T cells are known to exist. Campbell and colleagues show that one subset of regulatory T cells requires the transcription factor T-bet during T helper type 1–mediated immune responses in vivo.

Abstract - | Full Text - The transcription factor T-bet controls regulatory T cell homeostasis and function during type 1 inflammation | PDF (940 KB) - The transcription factor T-bet controls regulatory T cell homeostasis and function during type 1 inflammation | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Barnes & Powrie

A protective function for interleukin 17A in T cell–mediated intestinal inflammation - pp603 - 609

William O'Connor Jr, Masahito Kamanaka, Carmen J Booth, Terrence Town, Susumu Nakae, Yoichiro Iwakura, Jay K Kolls & Richard A Flavell

doi:10.1038/ni.1736

The function of interleukin 17 in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory disorders is controversial. Flavell and colleagues now demonstrate that interleukin 17A mediates a protective effect on T cell—driven intestinal inflammation in vivo.

Abstract - | Full Text - A protective function for interleukin 17A in T cell–mediated intestinal inflammation | PDF (582 KB) - A protective function for interleukin 17A in T cell–mediated intestinal inflammation | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Awasthi & Kuchroo

Intraclonal competition limits the fate determination of regulatory T cells in the thymus - pp610 - 617

Jhoanne L Bautista, Chan-Wang J Lio, Stephanie K Lathrop, Katherine Forbush, Yuqiong Liang, Jingqin Luo, Alexander Y Rudensky & Chyi-Song Hsieh

doi:10.1038/ni.1739

The function of T cell antigen receptor (TCR) specificity in thymic regulatory T cell development is controversial. Hsieh and colleagues show that this development is a 'TCR-instructive' process that depends on a small selecting niche

Abstract - | Full Text - Intraclonal competition limits the fate determination of regulatory T cells in the thymus | PDF (934 KB) - Intraclonal competition limits the fate determination of regulatory T cells in the thymus | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Hogquist & Moran

Transcription factor ELF4 controls the proliferation and homing of CD8⁺ T cells via the Krüppel-like factors KLF4 and KLF2 - pp618 - 626

Takeshi Yamada, Chun Shik Park, Maksim Mamonkin & H Daniel Lacorazza

doi:10.1038/ni.1730

The transcription factor ELF4 controls hematopoietic stem cell quiescence. Lacorazza and colleagues show that ELF4 is also needed to maintain the quiescence of naive T cells during steady-state conditions and after antigen stimulation.

Abstract - | Full Text - Transcription factor ELF4 controls the proliferation and homing of CD8+ T cells via the Krüppel-like factors KLF4 and KLF2 | PDF (993 KB) - Transcription factor ELF4 controls the proliferation and homing of CD8+ T cells via the Krüppel-like factors KLF4 and KLF2 | Supplementary information

Localized diacylglycerol drives the polarization of the microtubule-organizing center in T cells - pp627 - 635

Emily J Quann, Ernesto Merino, Toshiaki Furuta & Morgan Huse

doi:10.1038/ni.1734

The reorientation of the T cell microtubule-organizing center toward the antigen-presenting cell enables the directional secretion of cytokines and lytic factors. Huse and colleagues show that this process depends on diacylglycerol.

Abstract - | Full Text - Localized diacylglycerol drives the polarization of the microtubule-organizing center in T cells | PDF (1,144 KB) - Localized diacylglycerol drives the polarization of the microtubule-organizing center in T cells | Supplementary information

Antigen processing influences HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte immunodominance - pp636 - 646

Stefan Tenzer, Edmund Wee, Anne Burgevin, Guillaume Stewart-Jones, Lone Friis, Kasper Lamberth, Chih-hao Chang, Mikkel Harndahl, Mirjana Weimershaus, Jan Gerstoft, Nadja Akkad, Paul Klenerman, Lars Fugger, E Yvonne Jones, Andrew J McMichael, Søren Buus, Hansjörg Schild, Peter van Endert & Astrid K N Iversen

doi:10.1038/ni.1728

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize a restricted set of immunodominant HIV peptide epitopes. Iversen and colleagues show that the cleavage and abundance of HIV peptides are influenced by intraepitope as well as flanking virus escape mutations.

Abstract - | Full Text - Antigen processing influences HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte immunodominance | PDF (955 KB) - Antigen processing influences HIV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte immunodominance | Supplementary information

See also: News and Views by Margulies

Development of immunoglobulin -chain–positive B cells, but not editing of immunoglobulin -chain, depends on NF-B signals - pp647 - 654

Emmanuel Derudder, Emily J Cadera, J Christoph Vahl, Jing Wang, Casey J Fox, Shan Zha, Geert van Loo, Manolis Pasparakis, Mark S Schlissel, Marc Schmidt-Supprian & Klaus Rajewsky

doi:10.1038/ni.1732

How transcription factor NF-B influences B cell development remains enigmatic. Rajewsky and colleagues show that NF-B activation driven by the kinase IKK is required for the generation of B cells expressing immunoglobulin- but not immunoglobulin- light chains.

Abstract - | Full Text - Development of immunoglobulin -chain–positive B cells, but not editing of immunoglobulin -chain, depends on NF-B signals | PDF (851 KB) - Development of immunoglobulin -chain–positive B cells, but not editing of immunoglobulin -chain, depends on NF-B signals | Supplementary information

RAG-1 and ATM coordinate monoallelic recombination and nuclear positioning of immunoglobulin loci - pp655 - 664

Susannah L Hewitt, Bu Yin, Yanhong Ji, Julie Chaumeil, Katarzyna Marszalek, Jeannette Tenthorey, Giorgia Salvagiotto, Natalie Steinel, Laura B Ramsey, Jacques Ghysdael, Michael A Farrar, Barry P Sleckman, David G Schatz, Meinrad Busslinger, Craig H Bassing & Jane A Skok

doi:10.1038/ni.1735

Immunoglobulin gene rearrangements occur in an organized, temporal way. Skok and colleagues show that immunoglobulin alleles 'pair' to coordinate cleavage and allelic availability.

Abstract - | Full Text - RAG-1 and ATM coordinate monoallelic recombination and nuclear positioning of immunoglobulin loci | PDF (1,031 KB) - RAG-1 and ATM coordinate monoallelic recombination and nuclear positioning of immunoglobulin loci | Supplementary information

Corrigendum: Integration of cytokine and heterologous receptor signaling pathways - p665

Jelena S Bezbradica & Ruslan Medzhitov

doi:10.1038/ni0609-665a

Full Text - Corrigendum: Integration of cytokine and heterologous receptor signaling pathways | PDF (81 KB) - Corrigendum: Integration of cytokine and heterologous receptor signaling pathways

Corrigendum: Cholesterol depletion associated with Leishmania major infection alters macrophage CD40 signalosome composition and effector function - p665

Abdur Rub, Ranadhir Dey, Meenakshi Jadhav, Rohan Kamat, Santhosh Chakkaramakkil, Subrata Majumdar, Robin Mukhopadhyaya & Bhaskar Saha

doi:10.1038/ni0609-665b

Full Text - Corrigendum: Cholesterol depletion associated with Leishmania major infection alters macrophage CD40 signalosome composition and effector function | PDF (81 KB) - Corrigendum: Cholesterol depletion associated with Leishmania major infection alters macrophage CD40 signalosome composition and effector function

Erratum: The histone deacetylase HDAC11 regulates the expression of interleukin 10 and immune tolerance - p665

Alejandro Villagra, Fengdong Cheng, Hong-Wei Wang, Ildelfonso Suarez, Michelle Glozak, Michelle Maurin, Danny Nguyen, Kenneth L Wright, Peter W Atadja, Kapil Bhalla, Javier Pinilla-Ibarz, Edward Seto & Eduardo M Sotomayor

doi:10.1038/ni0609-665c

Full Text - Erratum: The histone deacetylase HDAC11 regulates the expression of interleukin 10 and immune tolerance | PDF (81 KB) - Erratum: The histone deacetylase HDAC11 regulates the expression of interleukin 10 and immune tolerance