Volcanic rocks erupted at mid-ocean ridges can record the temperature of the underlying mantle. Ancient crust in the Atlantic Ocean formed from anomalously hot mantle, possibly warmed by continental insulation before the opening of the ocean basin.
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Langmuir, C. Older and hotter. Nature Geosci 6, 332–333 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1810
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/ngeo1810