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Precise profiling of dendritic RNA regulation reveals how neuronal depolarization leads to ribosome switching onto short upstream open reading frames and new coding sequences to acutely modulate local protein synthesis.
How astrocytes can integrate information is incompletely understood. Here the authors show that locus coeruleus-controlled calcium signals in hippocampal astrocytes propagating from their processes to their soma are involved in the information integration upon salient events.
Silva et al. definitively establish climbing fiber-driven complex spike events as essential instructive signals for associative cerebellar learning while also revealing unexpected features of optogenetic manipulation.
Human microglia transplanted in the mouse brain mount a multipronged response to amyloid-β pathology, displaying unique transcriptional states. Alzheimer’s disease risk genes are differentially regulated across cell states and profoundly alter microglial function.
The role of TREM1 in neurodegenerative diseases is unclear. Here the authors show that TREM1 promotes cognitive decline in aging and in the context of amyloid pathology in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease.
Brain region-specific oligodendrocyte population dynamics are unclear. Here the authors implement long-term in vivo three-photon imaging to determine those dynamics in the cortical and subcortical areas in the living intact and demyelinated adult mouse brain.
The Masonic Institute for the Developing Brain (MIDB) Precision Brain Atlas is a resource of personalized brain network topographies (n = 9,900). It also provides a probabilistic atlas and integration zones across diverse magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) datasets and ages. The atlas increases the reliability of brain-wide association studies (BWAS) and improves targeting for neuromodulation.
Oligodendrocytes are vulnerable to chemical toxicity during development. However, few environmental chemicals have been identified as potential hazards. Here, the authors discover chemicals in common household products as harmful to oligodendrocyte development.
The authors find that Piezo1 stimulation enhances meningeal lymphatics and boosts CSF drainage to treat hydrocephalus and ventriculomegaly, showing promise in Down syndrome and hydrocephalus models.
How genetic information in the germinal zone determines neuronal cell types is unclear. Here the authors show that MEIS2 plays an important role in determining GABAergic neuron diversity during development.
Two fMRI studies (n = 358) show that cognitive regulation of negative emotion alters cortical activity but not amygdala or other subcortical areas. Regulation-related activity overlaps with emotion generation systems but also involves distinct areas.
This paper provides recommendations for researchers on responsibly conceptualizing, contextualizing and communicating issues related to race and ethnicity, including examples of important terms and frameworks.
Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) may be a promising therapy for treatment-refractory multiple sclerosis (MS). Mader et al. Describe beneficial effects of autologous HCT in a mouse model of MS and identify a myeloid transcriptional signature associated with neuroprotection.
How do multiple synapses interact to modulate learning? Agnes and Vogels postulate models of ‘co-dependent’ synaptic plasticity that promote rapid, multi-synaptic attainment of stable receptive fields, dendritic patterns and plausible neural dynamics.
Riveland and Pouget model instructed action, showing that shared structure in task and semantic representations allows language to compose practiced skills in novel settings. Models make predictions for neural activity in human language areas.
Chen et al. show that transitions to innate behaviors, such as feeding and social interaction, rely on their encoding during beta oscillations by neuron populations in the lateral hypothalamus, coordinated with the medial prefrontal cortex and ventral tegmental area.
Cortical excitatory neurons are narrowly tuned to sensory inputs, but the tuning of interneurons is perceived as broad and irregular. Duszkiewicz et al. demonstrate that interneuron tuning is structured and reflects the sum of local excitatory inputs.