Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is an infectious, potentially lethal human pathogen. However, there are no effective therapies for chronic HBV infections. Antiviral development is hampered by the lack of high-resolution structures for essential HBV protein-protein interactions. The interaction between preS1, an HBV surface-protein domain, and its human binding partner, γ2-adaptin, subverts the membrane-trafficking apparatus to mediate virion export. This interaction is a putative drug target. We report here atomic-resolution descriptions of the binding thermodynamics and structural biology of the interaction between preS1 and the EAR domain of γ2-adaptin. NMR, protein engineering, X-ray crystallography and MS showed that preS1 contains multiple γ2-EAR–binding motifs that mimic the membrane-trafficking motifs (and binding modes) of host proteins. These motifs localize together to a relatively rigid, functionally important region of preS1, an intrinsically disordered protein. The preS1–γ2-EAR interaction was relatively weak and efficiently outcompeted by a synthetic peptide. Our data provide the structural road map for developing peptidomimetic antivirals targeting the γ2-EAR–preS1 interaction.
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Acknowledgements
We would like to thank K. Nakayama (University of Kyoto) for the γ2-adaptin clone; J. Lyons (Trinity College Dublin) and Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron–European Molecular Biology Laboratory beamline scientists for assistance with X-ray data collection; N. Moran (Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland) for access to biophysical instrumentation; M. Caffrey (Trinity College Dublin) for access to X-ray apparatus; and D. Shields and C. Mooney for bioinformatics help. This work was supported by Science Foundation Ireland (SFI)–President of Ireland Young Researcher Award (09/YI/B1682 to N.F.), Stokes Lecturer Award (07/SK/B1224a to N.F.), Royal Irish Academy–Royal Society Exchange award (IE111031 to N.F. and A.E.A.), SFI grant (07/IN.1/B1836) and US National Institutes of Health grants (GM75915, P50GM073210 U54GM094599) to M. Caffrey (funding V.E.P. and X-ray generator). D.A.S. was funded by an Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council PhD Studentship. The Synapt mass spectrometer was purchased with Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council UK funds (BB/E012558/1).
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M.C.J. purified proteins, performed ITC and NMR experiments, determined crystal structures, analyzed data and wrote the paper; J.V. purified proteins, performed ITC and NMR experiments, analyzed data and wrote the paper; G.J.P.R. performed and analyzed NMR experiments and wrote the paper; J.M. performed NMR experiments; D.A.S. performed and analyzed MS experiments and wrote the paper; V.E.P. determined crystal structures and wrote the paper; C.M.J. performed and analyzed calorimetry experiments; A.E.A. designed and interpreted MS experiments and wrote the paper; S.M.V.F. performed and analyzed NMR experiments and wrote the paper; N.F. directed research, designed and interpreted experiments and wrote the paper.
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Jürgens, M., Vörös, J., Rautureau, G. et al. The hepatitis B virus preS1 domain hijacks host trafficking proteins by motif mimicry. Nat Chem Biol 9, 540–547 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.1294
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nchembio.1294
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