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Multicellular organisms must coordinate signals from adhesion receptors with those from other signalling receptors (for example, growth factor receptors). Here, we briefly review paradigms of integrin–adhesion-receptor signalling. We discuss how adhesive signalling is coordinately regulated through intersecting networks. We also examine some examples of how some forms of integrin crosstalk may lead to unforeseen and potentially deleterious responses.
Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8), an agent associated with Kaposi's sarcoma, binds to integrin α3β1 through its gB envelope glycoprotein, and thus gains entry into human fibroblasts. Based on an analogy with other microbial pathogens, integrin interaction with HHV-8 may induce signalling events that promote cell entry and perhaps facilitate disease progression.
Activation of tyrosine kinase receptors in epithelial cells results in the rapid disassembly of E-cadherin-mediated cell–cell adhesions. New research has identified Hakai, an E3-ubiquitin-ligase related to Cbl that binds E-cadherin in a tyrosine phosphorylation-dependent manner. By promoting the endocytosis and dynamic recycling or destruction of E-cadherin complexes, Hakai may control epithelial–mesenchymal transitions under physiological and pathological conditions.
Integrins are receptors for extracellular matrix proteins that engage in reciprocal crosstalk with growth factor receptors. Recent work identifies a unique mechanism for the regulation of growth factor receptor phosphorylation by integrins, indicating multiple ways of achieving cooperation between these major signalling systems.
Small GTPases of the Rab family are essential for the control of membrane transport between intracellular compartments. Recent work has shown that on melanosome membranes, Rab27a initiates the formation of a receptor complex that allows the recruitment of the actin-based motor myosin Va. This study provides a molecular basis for several pathologies that result in pigmentation defects in both mouse and humans.
This section contains all of the material on cell signalling and adhesion published in Nature Cell Biology to date. This includes News and Views, Review articles, and, of course, original research papers. View the original focus issue from April 2002.