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India has learned that science-based innovation has little role in development unless it is socially accepted and fits into the prevailing cultural system.
Because one of the enzymes that is needed to make chlorophyll requires light, a seedling that is grown in the dark (and is therefore etiolated) will have problems when it finally emerges into the sunshine — it will not have enough chlorophyll to protect it from the harmful effects of too much light. However, the enzyme that presents the plant with this dilemma, protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase, also gives it the solution.
Central-east European countries aspiring to membership of the European Union are unlikely to fulfil earlier promises to significantly increase research spending next year.