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This Review examines the origin of shape-, confinement- and strain-induced effects in electronic materials with nanoscale curved geometries and explores how to exploit these effects in electronic, magnetic and superconducting devices.
Silicon-based dual-gate photodiodes with electrostatically controlled photocurrents can be used to create imaging systems that can compute incoming visual data.
Laser-assisted chemical reactions have been used to write reversible ultra-high-density doping patterns in graphene for optoelectronic applications. The approach used two laser beams with specific photon energies and geometric configurations to enable local doping with a high dopant coverage ratio on graphene, while preserving the electronic properties of the surface.
This Perspective examines the challenges involved in assessing the operation and performance of field-effect transistors based on emerging materials, and provides guidelines for the consistent reporting and benchmarking of the devices.
Three-dimensional computing systems made of vertically integrated complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor circuits and layered resistive memory can perform analogue computing-in-memory with high energy efficiency.
Microelectromechanical systems that can disintegrate and degrade after a targeted lifetime are demonstrated alongside bioresorbable encapsulating materials and deployment strategies that offer safe biointegration of such devices. These devices have the potential to reduce electronic waste and help create temporary biomedical implants.
Carbon nanotube field-effect transistors that are fabricated using aligned nanotube arrays exhibit an identical sequence of random ternary bits, which can be separated and used to generate security keys for encrypted communications.
This Review examines the development of micro-thermoelectric devices, exploring progress in device design, integration and performance, and the potential applications of the technology in cooling, power generation and sensing.
A reconfigurable integration technology based on stackable chips with embedded arrays of optoelectronic devices and memristive crossbars could be of use in edge intelligence applications.
The phase, frequency and amplitude of gigahertz acoustic waves can be electrically controlled in a lithium niobate waveguide at millikelvin temperatures.
Transistors based on two-dimensional semiconductors suffer from electrical instabilities because charges readily get trapped in the gate oxides. As charge trapping is sensitive to the energetic alignment of the channel Fermi level to the defect bands in the oxide, the number of electrically active traps can be reduced by tuning the channel Fermi level.
A solid-state electronic switch based on an atomic sheet of molybdenum disulfide is demonstrated in the 6G communication band with very high speed data transmission.
Graphene can be used as a donor substrate to create van der Waals contacts between two-dimensional semiconductors and a variety of three-dimensional metal electrodes, including strongly adhering metals.
On-chip Floquet photonic topological insulators, which are based on switched-capacitor circulators, could be used to create hybrid electronic–photonic topological integrated circuits for emerging communication technologies.
Measurements reveal that the antiferromagnet ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) can generate an electric-field-induced spin current with a component of spin polarization perpendicular to the sample plane. This verifies theoretical predictions and provides a strategy for the future development of highly energy-efficient magnetic storage devices.
A silicon chip fabricated in a standard semiconductor foundry demonstrates that coupled ring oscillators can solve optimization problems targeted by quantum computers, and are quicker, cheaper and more energy-efficient than digital solvers. The 1,968 oscillator integrated circuit consumes 0.042 W and finds a solution within 50 oscillation cycles.
A van der Waals integration approach can be used to deposit single-crystal strontium titanate on two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide and tungsten diselenide, creating high-performance n- and p-doped field-effect transistors.
Thin flakes of Cr5Te8, which exhibit a colossal anomalous Hall effect, can be synthesized using a phase-controlled chemical vapour deposition technique.
This Review examines the development of perovskite light-emitting diodes, exploring the key challenges involved in creating efficient and stable devices.
Quantum computing has attracted attention owing to its potential to solve problems that are intractable with traditional computing technologies; however, a scalable scheme for producing millions of qubits remains elusive. A new effort demonstrates a milestone to achieving this by fabricating qubits in the same factory where state-of-the-art semiconductor chips are manufactured.
