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  • Review Article
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Dimensional tailoring of hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics

Nature Reviews Materials volume 4, pages 4–22 (2019)Cite this article

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Abstract

Hybrid perovskites are currently one of the most active fields of research owing to their enormous potential for photovoltaics. The performance of 3D hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells has increased at an incredible rate, reaching power conversion efficiencies comparable to those of many established technologies. However, the commercial application of 3D hybrid perovskites is inhibited by their poor stability. Relative to 3D hybrid perovskites, low-dimensional — that is, 2D — hybrid perovskites have demonstrated higher moisture stability, offering new approaches to stabilizing perovskite-based photovoltaic devices. Furthermore, 2D hybrid perovskites have versatile structures, enabling the fine-tuning of their optoelectronic properties through compositional engineering. In this Review, we discuss the state of the art in 2D perovskites, providing an overview of structural and materials engineering aspects and optical and photophysical properties. Moreover, we discuss recent developments along with the main limitations of 3D perovskites and assess the advantages of 2D perovskites over their 3D parent structures in terms of stability. Finally, we review recent achievements in combining 3D and 2D perovskites as an approach to simultaneously boost device efficiency and stability, paving the way for mixed-dimensional perovskite solar cells for commercial applications.

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Fig. 1: Structure of 3D and 2D perovskites.
Fig. 2: Energetics, structure and optical properties of 2D perovskites.
Fig. 3: Photophysical processes in 2D perovskites.
Fig. 4: Degradation of 3D perovskites and the latest improvements in the stability of 3D perovskite solar cells.
Fig. 5: Structures and performance of 2D and 2D/3D perovskite solar cells.
Fig. 6: High-stability 2D/3D mixed perovskite solar cells.
Fig. 7: 2D perovskites in the 3D bulk and lead-free 2D perovskites.
Fig. 8: Photophysics of 2D and 2D/3D perovskites.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) for financial support of National Research Programme 70 (project no. 407040_154056 and ‘Tailored design and in-depth understanding of perovskite solar materials using in-house developed 3D/4D nanoscale ion-beam analysis’, project no. 200020L_1729/1, CTI 25590.1PFNM-NM, Solaronix, Aubonne). G.G. acknowledges the SNSF for funding through the Ambizione Energy project HYPER (grant no. PZENP2_173641). The authors thank V. Queloz and S. Aghazada for reading the manuscript and for useful discussions.

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  1. Group for Molecular Engineering of Functional Materials, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Valais Wallis, Sion, Switzerland

    Giulia Grancini & Mohammad Khaja Nazeeruddin

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Grancini, G., Nazeeruddin, M.K. Dimensional tailoring of hybrid perovskites for photovoltaics. Nat Rev Mater 4, 4–22 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41578-018-0065-0

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