Abstract
The transient uniaxial elongational viscosity for binary blends composed of polypropylene (PP) and low-density polyethylene (LDPE) was evaluated. A strain hardening behavior is detected for the blends, although LDPE is a dispersed phase. This behavior is attributed to LDPE dispersion deformation; the LDPE forms rigid fibers because of strain hardening. Rheological properties are calculated numerically by the Phan–Thien Tanner model by assuming a symmetric geometry with a periodic structure. Based on the simulation, we propose an appropriate LDPE to modify the processability of PP, for which the strain hardening in the elongational viscosity is required.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$259.00 per year
only $21.58 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
Similar content being viewed by others
Change history
09 January 2020
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
References
Yamaguchi M, Miyata H. Strain hardening behavior in elongational viscosity for binary blends of linear polymer and crosslinked polymer. Polym. J. 2000;32:164–70.
Sugimoto M, Masubuchi T, Takimoto J, Koyama K. Melt rheology of polypropylene containing small amounts of high-molecular-weight chain. 2. Uniaxial and biaxial extensional flow. Macromolecules. 2001;34:6056–63.
Kurose T, Takahashi T, Sugimoto M, Taniguchi T, Koyama K. Uniaxial elongational viscosity of PC/ A small amount of PTFE blend. Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi. 2005;33:173–82.
Yamaguchi M, Wakabayashi T. Rheological properties and processability of chemically modified poly(ethylene terephthalate-co-ethylene isophthalate). Adv. Polym. Technol. 2006;25:236–41.
Mieda N, Yamaguchi M. Flow instability for binary blends of linear polyethylene and long-chain branched polyethylene. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 2011;166:231–40.
Yokohara T, Nobukawa S, Yamaguchi M. Rheological properties of polymer composites with flexible fine fiber. J. Rheology. 2011;55:1205–18.
Yamaguchi M, Yokohara T, Ali MAB. Effect of flexible fibers on rheological properties of poly(lactic acid) composites under elongational flow. Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi. 2013;41:129–35.
Siriprumpoonthum M, Nobukawa S, Satoh Y, Sasaki H, Yamaguchi M. Effect of thermal modification on rheological properties of polyethylene blends. J. Rheology. 2014;58:449–66.
Seemork J, Sako T, Ali MAB, Yamaguchi M. Rheological response under non-isothermal stretching for immiscible blends of isotactic polypropylene and acrylate polymer. J. Rheology. 2017;61:1–11.
Fujii Y, Nishikawa R, Phulkerd P, Yamaguchi M. Modifying the rheological properties of polypropylene under elongational flow by adding polyethylene. J. Rheology. 2019;63:11–18.
Batchelor GK. The stress generated in a non-dilute suspension of elongated particles by pure straining motion. J. Fluid Mech. 1971;1971:813–29.
Mewis J, Metzner AB. The rheological properties of suspensions of fibres in Newtonian fluids subjected to extensional deformations. J. Fluid Mech. 1974;62:593–600.
Laun HM. Orientation effects and rheology of short glass fiber-reinforced thermoplastics. Colloid Polym. Sci. 1984;262:257–69.
Toose EM, Geurts BJ, Kuerten JMG. A boundary integral method for two-dimensional (non)-Newtonian drops in slow viscous flow. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 1995;60:129–54.
Delaby I, Ernst B, Froelich D, Muller R. Droplet deformation in immiscible polymer blends during transient uniaxial elongational flow. Polym. Eng. Sci. 1996;36:1627–35.
Ramaswamy S, Leal LG. The deformation of a viscoelastic drop subjected to steady uniaxial extensional flow of a Newtonian fluid. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 1999;85:127–63.
Ramaswamy S, Leal LG. The deformation of a Newtonian drop in the uniaxial extensional flow of a viscoelastic liquid. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 1999;88:149–72.
Hooper RW, de Almeida VF, Macosko CW, Derby JJ. Transient polymeric drop extension and retraction in uniaxial extensional flows. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 2001;98:141–68.
Cristini V, Hooper RW, Macosko CW, Simeone M, Guido S. A numerical and experimental investigation of lamellar blend morphologies. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2002;41:6305–11.
Mukherjee S, Sarkar K. Effects of viscosity ratio on deformation of a viscoelastic drop in a Newtonian matrix under steady shear. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 2009;160:104–12.
Cardinaels R, Afkhami S, Renardy Y, Moldenaers P. An experimental and numerical investigation of the dynamics of microconfined droplets in systems with one viscoelastic phase. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 2011;166:52–62.
Skartilien R, Sollum E, Akselsen A, Meakin P. Direct numerical simulation of surfactant-stabilized emulsions. Rheol. Acta. 2012;51:649–73.
Isbassarov D, Rosti ME, Ardekani MN, Sarabian M, Hormozi LB, Tammisola O. Computational modeling of multiphase viscoelastic and elastoviscoplastic flows. Int. J. Numerical Methods Fluids. 2018;88:521–43.
Hwang WR, Hulsen M. Direct numerical simulations of hard particle suspensions in planar elongational flow. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 2006;136:167–78.
D'Avino G, Maffettone PL, Hulsen MA, Peters GWM. A numerical method for simulating concentrated rigid particle suspensions in an elongational flow using a fixed grid. J. Comp. Phys. 2007;226:688–711.
Ahamdi M, Harlen OG. A Lagrangian finite element method for simulation of a suspension under planar extensional flow. J. Comp. Phys. 2008;227:7543–60.
Phan-Thien N, Tanner RI. A new constitutive equation derived from network theory. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 1977;2:353–65.
Otsuki Y, Umeda T, Tsunori R, Shinohara M. Viscoelastic simulation of deformation-induced bubble coalescence in foaming process. Nihon Reoroji Gakkaishi. 2005;33:9–16.
Otsuki Y, Kajiwara T, Funatsu K. Numerical simulations of annular extrudate swell using various types of viscoelastic models. Polym. Eng. Sci. 1999;39:1969–81.
Matsunaga K, Kajiwara T, Funatsu K. Numerical simulation of multi‐layer flow for polymer melts—A study of the effect of viscoelasticity on interface shape of polymers within dies. Polym. Eng. Sci. 1998;38:1099–111.
Tackx P, Tacx JCJF. Chain architecture of LDPE as a function of molar mass using size exclusion chromatography and multi-angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS). Polymer. 1998;39:3109–13.
Yamaguchi M, Takahashi M. Rheological properties of low density polyethylenes produced by tubular and vessel processes. Polymer. 2001;42:8663–70.
Mieda N, Yamaguchi M. Anomalous rheological response for binary blends of linear polyethylene and long-chain branched polyethylene. Adv. Polym. Technol. 2007;26:173–81.
Levitt L, Macosko CW, Pearson SD. Influence of normal stress difference on polymer drop deformation. Polym. Eng. Sci. 1996;36:1647–55.
Goddard JD. Tensile stress contribution of flow-oriented slender particles in non-Newtonian fluids. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 1976;1:1–17.
Pipes RB, Hearle JWS, Beaussart AJ, Sastry AM, Okine RK. A constitutive relation for the viscous flow of an oriented fiber assembly. J. Compos. Mater. 1991;25:1204–17.
Carrara AS, Mcgarry FJ. Matrix and interface stresses in a discontinuous fibre. composite model. J. Comp. Mat. 1968;2:222–43.
Harris, B, Engineering Composite Materials, 2nd ed. Leeds: Maney Publishing; 1999.
Goh KL, Mathias KJ, Aspden RM, Hukins DWH. Finite element analysis of the effect of fibre shape on stresses in an elastic fibre surrounded by a plastic matrix. J. Mater. Sci. 2000;35:2493–97.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s note Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Otsuki, Y., Fujii, Y., Sasaki, H. et al. Experimental and numerical study on transient elongational viscosity for PP/LDPE blends. Polym J 52, 529–538 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41428-019-0286-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41428-019-0286-0
This article is cited by
-
Rheological Properties of poly(Lactic acid) Modified by Cellulose Acetate Propionate
Journal of Polymers and the Environment (2024)
-
Modification of Poly(Lactic Acid) Rheological Properties Using Ethylene–Vinyl Acetate Copolymer
Journal of Polymers and the Environment (2021)