During 2013, a meta-analysis provided evidence that cystatin C improves estimated glomerular filtration rate in cardiovascular risk categorization in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Another study showed that low diastolic blood pressure (DBP) is harmful in patients with CKD, challenging the paradigm of treating elevated systolic blood pressure regardless of DBP. Overall, mortality rates in CKD have decreased but further improvement is required.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$209.00 per year
only $17.42 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Go, A. S., Chertow, G. M., Fan, D., McCulloch, C. E. & Hsu, C. Y. Chronic kidney disease and the risks of death, cardiovascular events and hospitalization. N. Engl. J. Med. 351, 1296–1305 (2004).
Levey, A. S. et al. The definition, classification, and prognosis of chronic kidney disease: a KDIGO Controversies Conference Report. Kidney Int. 80, 17–28 (2011).
Shlipak, M. G. et al. Cystatin C versus creatinine in determining risk based on kidney function. N. Engl. J. Med. 369, 932–943 (2013).
Chobanian, A. V. et al. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension 42, 1206–1252 (2003).
Kovesdy, C. P. et al. Blood pressure and mortality in U.S. veterans with chronic kidney disease: a cohort study. Ann. Intern. Med. 159, 233–242 (2013).
US National Institutes for Health. Clinicaltrials.gov [online], (2013).
Ellam, T. J. & Chico, T. J. Phosphate: the new cholesterol? The role of the phosphate axis in non-uremic vascular disease. Atherosclerosis 220, 310–318 (2012).
Chue, C. D. et al. Cardiovascular effects of sevelamer in stage 3 CKD. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 24, 842–852 (2013).
U.S. Renal Data System. USRDS 2012 Annual Data Report: Atlas of chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease in the United States [online], (2012).
Mitsnefes, M. M., Laskin, B. L., Dahhou, M., Zhang, X. & Foster, B. J. Mortality risk among children initially treated with dialysis for end-stage kidney disease, 1999–2010. JAMA 309, 1921–1929 (2013).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kendrick, J., Chonchol, M. Reducing cardiovascular risk—light at the end of the tunnel. Nat Rev Nephrol 10, 71–72 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneph.2013.260
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrneph.2013.260