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Timing of complementary food introduction and age at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes: the SEARCH nutrition ancillary study (SNAS)

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition volume 68, pages 1258–1260 (2014)Cite this article

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Abstract

The association between timing of complementary food introduction and age at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes was investigated among 1077 children in the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth study. Age at diagnosis was 5 months earlier for children introduced to sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) in the first 12 months of life compared with those who were not (9.0±0.2 vs 9.5±0.1; P=0.02) independent of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) risk status. Analyses stratified by HLA risk status found that children with a high-risk HLA genotype had an earlier age at diagnosis if they were introduced to fruit juice in the first year of life (mean age at diagnosis=9.3±0.1, 9.1±0.1 and 9.6±0.2 for introduction at ⩽6 months, between 7 and 11 months and ⩾12 months, respectively; P=0.04). Introduction of SSB in the first year of life may accelerate the onset of type 1 diabetes independent of HLA risk status.

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Acknowledgements

The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study and the SEARCH Nutrition Ancillary Study are indebted to many youth and their families and their health care providers, whose participation made this study possible. The SEARCH Nutrition Ancillary Study is funded by the NIH/NIDDK R01 DK077949 (Mayer-Davis, PI, USA). The SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth is funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (PA numbers 00097, DP-05-069 and DP-10-001) and supported by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. SEARCH Site Contract Numbers are as: Kaiser Permanente Southern California (U48/CCU919219, U01 DP000246 and U18DP002714), University of Colorado Denver (U48/CCU819241-3, U01 DP000247 and U18DP000247-06A1), Kuakini Medical Center (U58CCU919256 and U01 DP000245), Children’s Hospital Medical Center (Cincinnati; U48/CCU519239, U01 DP000248 and 1U18DP002709), University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (U48/CCU419249, U01 DP000254 and U18DP002708-01), University of Washington School of Medicine (U58/CCU019235-4, U01 DP000244 and U18DP002710-01) and Wake Forest University School of Medicine (U48/CCU919219, U01 DP000250 and 200-2010-35171). We acknowledge the work of the University of North Carolina Nutrition Obesity Research Center for conducting the plasma nutrient biomarker assays (NIH DK056350) and the involvement of the General Clinical Research Centers (GCRC) at the South Carolina Clinical & Translational Research (SCTR) Institute, at the Medical University of South Carolina (NIH/NCRR Grant number UL1RR029882), Children’s Hospital and Regional Medical Center (Grant Number M01RR00037), Colorado Pediatric General Clinical Research Center (Grant Number M01 RR00069) and the Barbara Davis Center at the University of Colorado at Denver (DERC NIH P30 DK57516) and the Institutional Clinical and Translational Science Award (CTSA), NIH/NCRR at the University of Cincinnati (Grant Number 1UL1RR026314-01). We thank the laboratories of Drs L Gaur (University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA) and H Erlich (Roche Molecular Systems, Indianapolis, IN) for human leukocyte antigen class II genotyping (HLA DR-DQ) and PCR-based sequence-specific oligonucleotype 1 diabetes probe system testing. This work was supported by RO1 DK077949.

Disclaimer

The study sponsor had no role in the study. The contents of this paper are the sole responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the funding agencies. The funding agencies did not contribute to the design and conduct of the SEARCH Nutrition Ancillary Study, nor did they directly participate in the management, analysis or interpretation of the data. The manuscript was reviewed and approved by the SEARCH Publications and Presentations Committee.

Author Contributions

TLC made substantial contributions to the conception and design, analysis and interpretation of the data and drafting and revising of the article. JC and MTF made substantial contributions to the conception and design, analysis and interpretation of the data and reviewed the article. JMN, DD, DJP, LD, BLR and RO made substantial contributions to the conception and design, interpretation of the data and reviewed the article. EJMD made substantial contributions to the conception, design, interpretation of the data, revision for intellectual content and final approval of the version to be published.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA

    T L Crume, J M Norris & D Dabelea

  2. Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    J Crandell, M T Fangman & E J Mayer-Davis

  3. Santa Barbara, Sansum Diabetes Research Institute, CA, USA

    D J Pettitt

  4. Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, The University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA

    L Dolan

  5. John A Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Kaukini Medical Center, Honolulu, HI, USA

    B L Rodriguez

  6. Division of Endocrinology, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute and University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle,, WA, USA

    R O'Connor

Authors
  1. T L Crume
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  2. J Crandell
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  3. J M Norris
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  4. D Dabelea
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  5. M T Fangman
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  7. L Dolan
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  8. B L Rodriguez
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  10. E J Mayer-Davis
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Correspondence to T L Crume.

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Crume, T., Crandell, J., Norris, J. et al. Timing of complementary food introduction and age at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes: the SEARCH nutrition ancillary study (SNAS). Eur J Clin Nutr 68, 1258–1260 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/ejcn.2014.159

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