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| Open AccessPreservation versus resection of Denonvilliers’ fascia in total mesorectal excision for male rectal cancer: follow-up analysis of the randomized PUF-01 trial
Total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer can require partial resection of Denonvilliers’ fascia (DVF). Here the authors report the secondary outcomes of a randomized trial to evaluate the safety and effect of DVF preservation during laparoscopic TME on postoperative urogenital function and oncological safety in male patients with mid-low rectal cancer.
- Jiafeng Fang
- , Bo Wei
- & Hongbo Wei
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Article
| Open AccessDiabetes downregulates the antimicrobial peptide psoriasin and increases E. coli burden in the urinary bladder
Patients with diabetes have an increased susceptibility to infections. Here the authors show that high glucose impairs innate immunity through reduced levels of the antimicrobial peptide psoriasin and impaired epithelial barrier function, resulting in an increased risk of urinary tract infection.
- Soumitra Mohanty
- , Witchuda Kamolvit
- & Annelie Brauner
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| Open AccessSingle-cell transcriptome atlas of the human corpus cavernosum
The corpus cavernosum is the most important structure for penile erection, and its dysfunction causes physiological and psychological problems. Here the authors perform single-cell RNA-sequencing on corpus cavernosum samples from males with normal erection and erectile dysfunction patients, providing insights into this pathology.
- LiangYu Zhao
- , Sha Han
- & Zheng Li
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| Open AccessAdvancing our understanding of genetic risk factors and potential personalized strategies for pelvic organ prolapse
Although pelvic organ prolapse is a common gynecological condition, the genetic component of disease risk is not well known. Here the authors find common genetic variants associated with the disease and present a polygenic risk score to enhance individual risk prediction.
- Natàlia Pujol-Gualdo
- , Kristi Läll
- & Triin Laisk
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| Open AccessPhylogenomic analysis reveals persistence of gonococcal strains with reduced-susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and mosaic penA-34
Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to extended spectrum cephalosporins is an increasing concern. Here, the authors conduct whole genome sequencing of isolates from the United States and find that most resistant isolates were associated with a persistent circulating lineage.
- Jesse C. Thomas IV
- , Sandeep J. Joseph
- & Zach Perry
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| Open AccessAn infection-induced RhoB-Beclin 1-Hsp90 complex enhances clearance of uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Bacterial invasion can lead to multiple host cell responses. Here, the authors show that in a model of uropathogenic E. coli, RhoB is upregulated and induces autophagosome formation in a complex with Beclin1 and Hsp90, promoting bacterial clearance.
- Chunhui Miao
- , Mingyu Yu
- & Quan Wang
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Article
| Open AccessDominant role of CDKN2B/p15INK4B of 9p21.3 tumor suppressor hub in inhibition of cell-cycle and glycolysis
The human chromosome locus 9p21.3 is a tumour suppressor hub which encodes three CDK inhibitors, p15INK4B, p14ARF and p16INK4A. Here, the authors show that p15INK4B inhibits the cell cycle and glycolysis in a murine model of HRas + ‐mediated urothelial carcinoma and has a more relevant role as a tumour suppressor than its neighbouring p16INK4A.
- Yong Xia
- , Yan Liu
- & Xue-Ru Wu
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Article
| Open AccessHorizontally acquired papGII-containing pathogenicity islands underlie the emergence of invasive uropathogenic Escherichia coli lineages
Escherichia coli is a major cause of urinary tract infection. Here, Biggel et al. provide a phylogenomic analysis of 907 clinical E. coli isolates and identify the P-fimbriae-encoding locus associated with invasive uropathogenic E. coli isolates.
- Michael Biggel
- , Basil B. Xavier
- & Sandra Van Puyvelde
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Article
| Open AccessInvasion of vaginal epithelial cells by uropathogenic Escherichia coli
Uropathogenic E. coli can adhere to vaginal epithelial cells preceding urinary tract infection (UTI). Here, Brannon et al. show that urinary E. coli isolates can not only adhere to, but also invade vaginal cells in mouse UTI models and in clinical samples obtained from women with recurrent UTI.
- John R. Brannon
- , Taryn L. Dunigan
- & Maria Hadjifrangiskou
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| Open AccessComputational analysis of pathological images enables a better diagnosis of TFE3 Xp11.2 translocation renal cell carcinoma
Translocation renal cell carcinoma is an aggressive form of renal cancer that is often misdiagnosed to other subtypes. Here the authors demonstrated that by using machine learning and H&E stained whole-slide images, an accurate diagnose of this particular type of renal cancer can be achieved.
- Jun Cheng
- , Zhi Han
- & Jie Zhang
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Article
| Open AccessPopulation dynamics of an Escherichia coli ST131 lineage during recurrent urinary tract infection
Recurrent urinary tract infections occur in ~ 25% of women. Here, Beatson and colleagues use whole genome sequencing to track the dynamics of an E. coli ST131 clone in a single patient over a 5-year period. This study provides unique insights into pathogen evolution during recurrent urinary infection.
- Brian M. Forde
- , Leah W. Roberts
- & Scott A. Beatson
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| Open AccessMutations in CFAP43 and CFAP44 cause male infertility and flagellum defects in Trypanosoma and human
Asthenozoospermia is a major cause of male infertility, and multiple morphological abnormalities of the flagella (MMAF) is a particularly severe form. Here, using whole-exome sequencing of 78 MMAF patients, the authors identify mutations in two WDR proteins, CFAP43 and CFAP44, and confirm that these proteins are required for flagellogenesis in mouse and Trypanosoma brucei.
- Charles Coutton
- , Alexandra S. Vargas
- & Pierre F. Ray
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Pirt reduces bladder overactivity by inhibiting purinergic receptor P2X3
The cause of overactive bladder is largely unknown and there is currently no effective therapy. Gaoet al. show that a membrane protein Pirt controls bladder emptying by inhibiting the neuronal purinergic receptor P2X3 and that treatment with a small Pirt fragment prevents bladder overactivity in mice.
- Xiao-Fei Gao
- , Ji-Feng Feng
- & Cheng He
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Article
| Open AccessDevelopment of pro-apoptotic peptides as potential therapy for peritoneal endometriosis
Endometriosis is a painful condition in which endometrial cells are found outside the womb. Here, the authors identify a peptide that specifically binds to a receptor expressed on endometrial epithelial cells and use it to induce apoptosis in both cultured cells and baboons with endometriosis.
- K. Sugihara
- , Y. Kobayashi
- & M.N. Fukuda
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LRRC19 expressed in the kidney induces TRAF2/6-mediated signals to prevent infection by uropathogenic bacteria
The immune system plays an important role in preventing microbial colonization in the urinary tract but the mechanism of this protection is not completely understood. Here, the authors identify LRRC19 expressed in the kidneys as a pathogen-recognition receptor involved in the immune response to uropathogenic bacteria.
- Xiaomin Su
- , Siping Min
- & Rongcun Yang
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Article
| Open AccessTumour-initiating stem-like cells in human prostate cancer exhibit increased NF-κB signalling
Tumours consist of heterogeneous cell types that respond differently to treatment. Here, on the basis of the expression of three different proteins, the authors describe a subset of prostate cancer cells that have stem cell-like properties that are able to initiate tumour formationin vivo.
- Vinagolu K. Rajasekhar
- , Lorenz Studer
- & Howard I. Scher