Featured
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Review Article |
Excitons and emergent quantum phenomena in stacked 2D semiconductors
This Review discusses the exciton physics of transition metal dichalcogenides, focusing on moiré patterns and exciton many-body physics, and outlines future research directions in the field.
- Nathan P. Wilson
- , Wang Yao
- & Xiaodong Xu
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Article |
Approaching the intrinsic exciton physics limit in two-dimensional semiconductor diodes
Two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide diodes with defect-free van der Waals contacts allows minimization of the extrinsic interfacial disorder-dominated recombination and access to the intrinsic excitonic behaviour in two-dimensional semiconductor devices.
- Peng Chen
- , Timothy L. Atallah
- & Xiangfeng Duan
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Article |
Strongly correlated excitonic insulator in atomic double layers
So far only signatures of excitonic insulators have been reported, but here direct thermodynamic evidence is provided for a strongly correlated excitonic insulating state in transition metal dichalcogenide semiconductor double layers.
- Liguo Ma
- , Phuong X. Nguyen
- & Jie Shan
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Article
| Open Access
Extremely anisotropic van der Waals thermal conductors
Extremely anisotropic thermal conductors based on large-area van der Waals thin films with random interlayer rotations are reported here.
- Shi En Kim
- , Fauzia Mujid
- & Jiwoong Park
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Article |
Imaging two-dimensional generalized Wigner crystals
So far, only indirect evidence of Wigner crystals has been reported, but a specially designed scanning tunnelling microscope is used here to directly image them in a moiré heterostructure.
- Hongyuan Li
- , Shaowei Li
- & Feng Wang
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Article |
Continuous Mott transition in semiconductor moiré superlattices
The interaction strength in moiré superlattices is tuned to drive a continuous metal-to-insulator transition at a fixed electron density.
- Tingxin Li
- , Shengwei Jiang
- & Kin Fai Mak
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Review Article |
Interface nano-optics with van der Waals polaritons
This Review discusses the state of the art of interface optics—including refractive optics, meta-optics and moiré engineering—for the control of van der Waals polaritons.
- Qing Zhang
- , Guangwei Hu
- & Cheng-Wei Qiu
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Article |
Pseudogap in a crystalline insulator doped by disordered metals
A back-bending band structure and an emerging pseudogap are observed at the interface between a crystalline solid (black phosphorus) and disordered alkali-metal dopants.
- Sae Hee Ryu
- , Minjae Huh
- & Keun Su Kim
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Article |
Pauli-limit violation and re-entrant superconductivity in moiré graphene
A large violation of the Pauli limit and re-entrant superconductivity in a magnetic field is reported for magic-angle twisted trilayer graphene, suggesting that the spin configuration of the superconducting state of this material is unlikely to consist of spin singlets.
- Yuan Cao
- , Jeong Min Park
- & Pablo Jarillo-Herrero
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Article |
Layer Hall effect in a 2D topological axion antiferromagnet
A new type of Hall effect—the layer Hall effect—is produced in a 2D antiferromagnet that does not exhibit any net magnetization.
- Anyuan Gao
- , Yu-Fei Liu
- & Su-Yang Xu
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Article |
Bilayer Wigner crystals in a transition metal dichalcogenide heterostructure
Optical signatures reveal correlated insulating Wigner crystals—electron solids—in a bilayer of a two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenide, MoSe2, with hexagonal boron nitride between the layers.
- You Zhou
- , Jiho Sung
- & Hongkun Park
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Article |
Efficient Fizeau drag from Dirac electrons in monolayer graphene
Fizeau drag of plasmon polaritons by an electron flow in strongly biased monolayer graphene is directly observed by exploiting the high electron mobility and slow plasmon propagation of Dirac electrons.
- Wenyu Zhao
- , Sihan Zhao
- & Feng Wang
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Article |
Signatures of moiré trions in WSe2/MoSe2 heterobilayers
Optical experiments on WSe2/MoSe2 heterobilayers reveal signatures of moiré trions, including interlayer emission with sharp lines and a complex charge-density dependence, features that differ markedly from those of conventional trions.
- Erfu Liu
- , Elyse Barré
- & Chun Hung Lui
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Article |
Intrinsic toughening and stable crack propagation in hexagonal boron nitride
Single-crystal monolayer hexagonal boron nitride is unexpectedly tough owing to its asymmetric lattice structure, which facilitates repeated crack deflection, crack branching and edge swapping, enhancing energy dissipation.
- Yingchao Yang
- , Zhigong Song
- & Jun Lou
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Article |
Long-range nontopological edge currents in charge-neutral graphene
Nanoscale imaging of edge currents in charge-neutral graphene shows that charge accumulation can explain various exotic nonlocal transport measurements, bringing into question some theories about their origins.
- A. Aharon-Steinberg
- , A. Marguerite
- & E. Zeldov
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Article |
Ultralow contact resistance between semimetal and monolayer semiconductors
Electric contacts of semimetallic bismuth on monolayer semiconductors are shown to suppress metal-induced gap states and thus have very low contact resistance and a zero Schottky barrier height.
- Pin-Chun Shen
- , Cong Su
- & Jing Kong
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Article |
High-order superlattices by rolling up van der Waals heterostructures
A simple but flexible technique based on a capillary-force-driven rolling-up process produces high-order van der Waals superlattices that are hard to produce with existing fabrication techniques.
- Bei Zhao
- , Zhong Wan
- & Xiangfeng Duan
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Perspective |
Promises and prospects of two-dimensional transistors
The current status and prospects of two-dimensional transistors are reviewed, and the reliability of widely used device parameters is assessed.
- Yuan Liu
- , Xidong Duan
- & Xiangfeng Duan
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Article |
Van der Waals heterostructure polaritons with moiré-induced nonlinearity
Polaritons formed by moiré excitons in heterobilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit strong nonlinearity owing to quantum confinement by the tunable moiré lattice potential.
- Long Zhang
- , Fengcheng Wu
- & Hui Deng
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Article |
Landau quantization and highly mobile fermions in an insulator
Pronounced quantum oscillations in magnetoresistance, a phenomenon that was only expected in metals with highly mobile carriers, are observed in the strongly insulating state of two-dimensional WTe2.
- Pengjie Wang
- , Guo Yu
- & Sanfeng Wu
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Article |
Topological superconductivity in a van der Waals heterostructure
A van der Waals structure based on a two-dimensional magnet and layered superconductor offers a potential system in which topological superconductivity could be easily tuned and integrated into devices.
- Shawulienu Kezilebieke
- , Md Nurul Huda
- & Peter Liljeroth
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Article |
Capillary condensation under atomic-scale confinement
In the tiniest of capillaries, barely larger than a water molecule, condensation is surprisingly predictable from the macroscopic Kelvin condensation equation, a coincidence partially owing to elastic deformation of the capillary walls.
- Qian Yang
- , P. Z. Sun
- & A. K. Geim
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Article |
Unconventional ferroelectricity in moiré heterostructures
Electronic ferroelectricity is observed in a graphene-based moiré heterostructure, which is explained using a spontaneous interlayer charge-transfer model driven by layer-specific on-site Coulomb repulsion.
- Zhiren Zheng
- , Qiong Ma
- & Pablo Jarillo-Herrero
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Article |
Correlated insulating states at fractional fillings of moiré superlattices
An optical sensing technique reveals an abundance of correlated insulating states at fractional fillings of moiré superlattices that are proposed to arise from a series of charge-ordered states.
- Yang Xu
- , Song Liu
- & Jie Shan
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Article |
Logic-in-memory based on an atomically thin semiconductor
Logic operations and reconfigurable circuits are demonstrated that can be directly implemented using memory elements based on floating-gate field-effect transistors with monolayer MoS2 as the active channel material.
- Guilherme Migliato Marega
- , Yanfei Zhao
- & Andras Kis
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Article |
Electronically integrated, mass-manufactured, microscopic robots
A new class of voltage-controllable electrochemical actuators that are compatible with silicon processing are used to produce over one million sub-hundred-micrometre walking robots on a single four-inch wafer.
- Marc Z. Miskin
- , Alejandro J. Cortese
- & Itai Cohen
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Article |
Ultralow-dielectric-constant amorphous boron nitride
Thin films of amorphous boron nitride are mechanically and electrically robust, prevent diffusion of metal atoms into semiconductors and have ultralow dielectric constants that exceed current recommendations for high-performance electronics.
- Seokmo Hong
- , Chang-Seok Lee
- & Hyeon Suk Shin
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Article |
Topological polaritons and photonic magic angles in twisted α-MoO3 bilayers
The photonic dispersion of phonon polaritons in bilayers of α-phase molybdenum trioxide can undergo tunable topological transitions at magic interlayer twist angles.
- Guangwei Hu
- , Qingdong Ou
- & Andrea Alù
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Article |
Engineering covalently bonded 2D layered materials by self-intercalation
The intercalation of native atoms into bilayer transition metal dichalcogenides during growth generates ultrathin, covalently bonded materials into which ferromagnetic ordering can be introduced.
- Xiaoxu Zhao
- , Peng Song
- & Kian Ping Loh
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Article |
Mapping the twist-angle disorder and Landau levels in magic-angle graphene
SQUID-on-tip tomographic imaging of Landau levels in magic-angle graphene provides nanoscale maps of local twist-angle disorder and shows that its properties are fundamentally different from common types of disorder.
- A. Uri
- , S. Grover
- & E. Zeldov
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Article |
Non-volatile electric control of spin–charge conversion in a SrTiO3 Rashba system
The polarization direction of a ferroelectric-like state can be used to control the conversion of spin currents into charge currents at the surface of strontium titanate, a non-magnetic oxide.
- Paul Noël
- , Felix Trier
- & Jean-Philippe Attané
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Article |
Strongly correlated electrons and hybrid excitons in a moiré heterostructure
Optical spectroscopy is used to probe correlated electronic states in a moiré heterostructure, showing many-body effects such as strong layer paramagnetism and an incompressible Mott-like state of electrons.
- Yuya Shimazaki
- , Ido Schwartz
- & Ataç Imamoğlu
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Article |
Mott and generalized Wigner crystal states in WSe2/WS2 moiré superlattices
Strongly correlated insulating Mott and generalized Wigner phases are detected in WSe2/WS2 moiré superlattices, and their electrical properties and excited spin states are studied using an optical technique.
- Emma C. Regan
- , Danqing Wang
- & Feng Wang
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Article |
General synthesis of two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructure arrays
A general strategy for the synthesis of two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructure arrays is used to produce high-performance electronic devices, showing the potential of this scalable approach for practical technologies.
- Jia Li
- , Xiangdong Yang
- & Xiangfeng Duan
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Article |
Wafer-scale single-crystal hexagonal boron nitride monolayers on Cu (111)
The epitaxial growth of single-crystal hexagonal boron nitride monolayers on a copper (111) thin film across a sapphire wafer suggests a route to the broad adoption of two-dimensional layered semiconductor materials in industry.
- Tse-An Chen
- , Chih-Piao Chuu
- & Lain-Jong Li
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Article |
Conversion of non-van der Waals solids to 2D transition-metal chalcogenides
A synthetic approach is described, for efficiently converting non-van der Waals solids into two-dimensional van der Waals transition-metal chalcogenide layers with specific phases, enabling the high-throughput production of monolayers.
- Zhiguo Du
- , Shubin Yang
- & Pulickel M. Ajayan
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Article |
Synthesis and properties of free-standing monolayer amorphous carbon
The synthesis of surprisingly stable, free-standing single layers of amorphous carbon and their analysis by atomic-resolution imaging could settle a debate about their atomic arrangement and offer unusual electronics applications.
- Chee-Tat Toh
- , Hongji Zhang
- & Barbaros Özyilmaz
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Article |
Inverse transition of labyrinthine domain patterns in ferroelectric thin films
The labyrinthine domain patterns formed in ultrathin films of ferroelectric oxides by subcritical quenching undergo an inverse phase transition to the less-symmetric parallel-stripe domain structure upon increasing temperature.
- Y. Nahas
- , S. Prokhorenko
- & L. Bellaiche
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Article |
Atomic imaging of the edge structure and growth of a two-dimensional hexagonal ice
Real-space imaging of the edge structures and growth of a two-dimensional ice on a gold substrate is achieved using noncontact atomic-force microscopy with a carbon monoxide tip.
- Runze Ma
- , Duanyun Cao
- & Ying Jiang
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Article |
Visualizing Poiseuille flow of hydrodynamic electrons
The emergence of a liquid-like electronic flow from ballistic flow in graphene is imaged, and an almost-ideal viscous hydrodynamic fluid of electrons exhibiting a parabolic Poiseuille flow profile is observed.
- Joseph A. Sulpizio
- , Lior Ella
- & Shahal Ilani
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Article |
Interlayer exciton laser of extended spatial coherence in atomically thin heterostructures
Efficient lasing from two transition-metal dichalcogenide layers is engineered by exploiting the excitonic states that emerge when the layers are placed together to form a heterostructure.
- Eunice Y. Paik
- , Long Zhang
- & Hui Deng
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Article |
High-temperature superconductivity in monolayer Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ
Transport and scanning tunnelling microscopy studies of freestanding monolayers of an unconventional layered copper oxide establish that the superconducting properties of copper oxides are not changed in the 2D limit.
- Yijun Yu
- , Liguo Ma
- & Yuanbo Zhang
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Letter |
Evidence of high-temperature exciton condensation in two-dimensional atomic double layers
Condensation of interlayer excitons at temperatures above 100 kelvin is demonstrated in a van der Waals heterostructure consisting of two-dimensional atomic double layers of transition metal chalcogenides.
- Zefang Wang
- , Daniel A. Rhodes
- & Kin Fai Mak
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Letter |
Position and momentum mapping of vibrations in graphene nanostructures
Investigation of a free-standing graphene monolayer using a technique based on transmission electron microscopy allows identification of atomic vibrations characteristic of the bulk or the edge of the sample.
- Ryosuke Senga
- , Kazu Suenaga
- & Thomas Pichler
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Letter |
Giant nonreciprocal second-harmonic generation from antiferromagnetic bilayer CrI3
Large second-harmonic generation is observed in antiferromagnetic bilayers of CrI3, providing information about the microscopic origin of layered antiferromagnetism and motivating the use of two-dimensional magnets in nonlinear optical devices.
- Zeyuan Sun
- , Yangfan Yi
- & Shiwei Wu
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Letter |
Visualizing electrostatic gating effects in two-dimensional heterostructures
Changes in the electronic states of two-dimensional semiconductor devices resulting from electrical gating can be monitored directly using micrometre-scale angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy.
- Paul V. Nguyen
- , Natalie C. Teutsch
- & Neil R. Wilson
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Letter |
Enhanced intrinsic photovoltaic effect in tungsten disulfide nanotubes
A bulk photovoltaic effect is observed in devices based on tungsten disulfide, and is enhanced if the devices take the form of polar nanotubes, showing the importance of reducing crystal symmetry to a polar structure in achieving higher efficiencies.
- Y. J. Zhang
- , T. Ideue
- & Y. Iwasa
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Letter |
Helical van der Waals crystals with discretized Eshelby twist
Experiments demonstrate a class of van der Waals nanowires, made from layered crystals of the semiconductor germanium sulfide, in which a tunable interlayer twist evolves naturally during synthesis.
- Yin Liu
- , Jie Wang
- & Jie Yao
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Letter |
Spin–orbit-driven band inversion in bilayer graphene by the van der Waals proximity effect
By enhancing the spin–orbit coupling in bilayer graphene using the proximity effect in a van der Waals heterostructure, band inversion occurs and an incompressible, gapped phase is produced.
- J. O. Island
- , X. Cui
- & A. F. Young
Artificial heavy fermions in a van der Waals heterostructure